高丰度稀土永磁材料的研究现状与展望

随着稀土永磁材料应用领域的扩大及需求量的猛增，导致关键稀土元素(Pr、Nd、Dy、Tb)的过度使用，而高丰度稀土元素(La、Ce、Y)却不断积压.高丰度稀土永磁材料不仅可以降低成本，还可实现稀土资源综合平衡利用，出于国家战略安全和原材料成本角度考虑，高性价比的高丰度稀土永磁材料的研究与开发势在必行.近年来，大量学者对高丰度稀土永磁材料的高值化利用展开了广泛研究.然而，在不同成分合金中，其主相热稳定性、第二相种类、相析出行为、价态、微量元素的偏聚冶金行为等方面均与目前广泛使用的Nd基商业磁体存在较大差异.综述了高丰度稀土永磁材料的相结构、磁性能、微观结构和耐蚀性能等研究现状，并为其进一步开发与利用提出了建议. 

Research status and prospect of high abundant rare earth of permanent magnetic materials

The criticalrare earth (RE) elements (Pr, Nd, Dy, Tb)have been overusedwith the expanding application areas and surging demand of RE permanent magnetic materials.High abundant rare earth (HARE) elements such as La, Ce, Y, however, are constantly overstocked.They can not only reduce costs, but also be used to achieve a comprehensive balancedutilization of rare earth resources. It is imperative, important and necessary to do research and develop the cost-effective HARE permanent magnetic materials for national strategic security and the reduction of the costs of raw materials. The higher value utilization of these magnetic materials has been extensively studied by a large number of scholars in various groups. The systematic studies focus on the thermal stability of the main phase, the type of the second phase, the phase precipitation behavior, the valence state and metallurgical behavior of trace elements sinceall of these parameters are quite different from those of the widely used Nd-based commercial magnets. This paper has reviewed the recent progress of their phase structures, magnetic properties, microstructuresand corrosion resistance of the magnetic materials and shed light on their research and development.