R1234yf and R1234ze(E) as low-GWP refrigerants for residential heat pump water heaters |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, USA;2. CTS (Creative Thermal Solutions, Inc.), Urbana IL, USA;1. Université Européenne de Bretagne, Equipe MTRhéo, Laboratoire LGCGM, INSA de Rennes et Université de Rennes 1, IUT Génie Civil, 3 rue du Clos Courtel, BP 90422, 35704 Rennes Cedex 7, France;2. Pôle Cristal – Centre Technique Froid et Climatisation, 49, avenue René Cassin, 22100 Dinan, France;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Saud University, PO Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;2. Center for Environmental Energy Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA |
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| Abstract: | Owing to the growing concerns about the relatively high global warming potential (GWP) of current refrigerants, a serious effort is in progress to find lower-GWP substitutes. The hydrofluoroolefin (HFO)-based refrigerants R1234yf and R1234ze(E) are being considered for use in multiple heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration applications because of their very low GWP. A study was conducted to model a residential heat pump water heater using these HFOs. A system model was calibrated using experimental data and the calibrated model was used to evaluate the potential of HFOs to replace R134a. A series of parametric analyses were used to investigate the impacts of condenser wrap pattern, condenser tube size, evaporator size, and heat loss factor from the storage tank. It has been shown that both R1234yf and R1234ze(E) can be substituted for R134a with comparable performance and no substantial modifications to the original system. This study presents a detailed feasibility analysis for successful replacement of high-GWP refrigerants with low-GWP refrigerants with acceptable performance. |
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