Direct cyber-power interdependencies-based reliability evaluation of smart grids including wind/solar/diesel distributed generations and plug-in hybrid electrical vehicles |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kashan, 6 km Ghotbravandi Blvd, postal code: 8731753153, Kashan, Iran;2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Power System Excellence, Tehran 15914, Iran;3. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Howard University, Washington, D.C., United States;4. Department of Electrical Engineering, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashkezar, Iran;1. Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia;2. School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia;3. Department of Mathematics, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy Road, Hanoi, Viet Nam;1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran;2. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Italy;1. Hyundai Maritime Research Institute, Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd, Ulsan 44032, South Korea;2. Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, and Research Institute of Marine Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea;1. Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran;2. Engineering Faculty, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | Smart grid is a so-called “cyber-power system” because the cyber systems (control/monitoring/protection, and communication networks) are integrated to power systems in it. The less effort has been devoted in literature to reliability evaluation based on direct cyber-power Interdependencies (DCPIs) in widespread presence of distributed generations (DGs) and charging load of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) as supply side uncertainties and demand side ones. The consideration of uncertainty regarding the PHEVs in addition to other uncertain aspects inside the DCPIs is one of the most important contributions of this paper. In addition, the sensitivity analysis of reliability versus the variation of failures in power and cyber elements is essentially analyzed. The introduced method is applied to two realistic case studies. The test results infer that the DCPI-based reliability evaluation of smart grids including DGs and PHEVs is achievable through use of the proposed method. Because of using the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), it is possible to extend the proposed method by integration of future uncertain and stochastic subjects without any limit. Further, the test results illustrate that the communication failures as direct network-element interdependencies (DNEI) is more important than direct element-element interdependencies (DEEI). The numerical results also imply that the risk level due to DCPIs increases due to inappropriate cyber network configurations. |
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| Keywords: | Smart grid Direct cyber-power interdependencies (DCPIs) Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) Reliability evaluation Uncertainty |
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