医疗废物焚烧灰、渣对人体健康风险评价

针对医疗废物处置不当容易产生二次污染的的问题,指出焚烧法是目前最为可行的处置方法之一,但处置医疗废物产生的固体废弃物(飞灰、灰渣)若直接释放到环境中,仍可能存在潜在的环境风险与危害.通过浸出实验与模式预测相结合,研究飞灰与灰渣中重金属通过饮水途径对人体产生的健康风险值.铬在医疗飞灰和灰渣中个人年风险最大,分别达8.8865×10-5/a和8.2597×10-5/a,超过国际辐射防护委员会(ICR)推荐的最大可接受风险5.0×10-5/a.医疗废物焚烧处置后的飞灰、灰渣存在着健康风险隐患,应该对其按危险废物进行处置与环境管理.

Assessment of the human health risk of heavy metal in fly ash and dregs from medical and pharmaceutical waste incineration disposal

Although the incineration method is feasible for disposing medical and pharmaceutical wastes to avoid their second pollution,the release of the fly ash and dregs to the environment still has latent risk.The human health risk of heavy metal in fly ash and dregs by drinking water was studied through solid waste leaching experiments.Compared with the recommended acceptable health risk of 5.0×10-5/a by ICR Cr iron with the values of 8.8865×10-5/a in fly ash and 8.2597×10-5/a in dregs is the most dandrgerous metal iron than other heavy metal irons.It can be concluded that the medical and pharmaceutical dregs should be disposed as hazardous wastes for environmental management.