柴达木盆地湖泊天然生态水文特性辨识

针对柴达木盆地内盐湖资源开发布局与生态空间矛盾日渐突出的问题，以柴达木盆地那棱格勒河尾闾湖泊东、西台吉乃尔湖为例，基于长序列遥感影像及气候观测数据，结合水量平衡等方法进行湖泊天然生态水文特性辨识。结果表明：东台吉乃尔湖以2.19 km²/a的速率呈扩张趋势，湖面积为180～220 km²,西台吉乃尔湖以3.50 km²/a的速率缩小，湖面积为130～140 km²;水量减小时，东台吉乃尔湖以原有形态向内缩小，西台吉乃尔湖从近似三角形形态萎缩至椭圆形，由于地形和上游来水路径的原因，两湖的湖岸线主要在湖西南侧和西北侧发生变化；对长序列湖泊面积变化做累积频率曲线，确定湖泊面积保证率，选取25%、50%、75%和90%的保证率，可识别天然状态的湖泊面积、湖容及空间形态。

Identification of natural eco-hydrological characteristics of lakes in the Qaidam Basin

In view of the increasingly prominent problem of the contradiction between the development layout of salt lake resources and the ecological space in the Qaidam Basin, taking the East-Taijiner Lake and West-Taijiner Lake at the end of the Nalingele River in the Qaidam Basin as examples, the natural state of the lakes was identified based on long sequence remote sensing images and climate observation data, combined with water balance and other methods. The results show that the East-Taijiner Lake expands at a rate of 2. 19 km2 / a and the lake area is 180 ~ 220 km2, while the West-Taijiner Lake shrinks at a rate of 3. 50 km2 / a and the lake area is 130 ~ 140 km2 . When the water quantity decreases, the East-Taijiner Lake shrinks inward in its original shape, while the West-Taijiner Lake shrinks from a nearly triangular shape to an oval shape. Due to the topography and upstream water inflow path, the shorelines of the two lakes change mainly in the southwest and northwest of the lakes. The cumulative frequency curve of the long series of lake area change is made to determine the lake area guarantee rate, and the guarantee rates of 25%, 50%, 75% and 90% are selected to identify the lake area, lake volume and spatial form in natural state. © 2023, Editorial Board of Water Resources Protection. All rights reserved.