我国尾矿库安全监测技术发展综述

中国是世界上尾矿库数量最多、灾害事故发生率最高的国家之一。尾矿库安全监测技术能提供尾矿库安全状态数据,及时掌握尾矿库运行状态,指导尾矿库安全运行,预防和减少发生事故灾害和环境污染。随着我国对尾矿库安全的日益重视,尾矿库安全监测的重要性日益提升,尾矿库安全监测技术也随之迅速发展。我国尾矿库安全监测技术发展经历了初级、中级和高级三个阶段,从最初的无章可循到后来的有章可循、有法可依,对标准的认知及运用从生搬硬套到日益科学、精准;从人工监测、自动化监测逐步发展智能监测,监测效率和监测精度日益提升;监测设备也随着社会和经济的发展而日新月异,新的科技成果不断纳入。目前,我国尾矿库安全监测技术已进入一个良好的发展时期,在全国范围内构建了一个强大的国家级尾矿库安全生产在线监测监控与预警大平台,为尾矿库灾害的及时诊断和安全预警提供强大技术支撑,最大限度地消除尾矿库灾害事故的发生。

Review on the Development of Safety Monitoring Technology for Tailings Pond in China

China is one of the countries with the largest number of tailings ponds and the highest accident rate of disasters in the world. The safety monitoring technology of tailings pond can provide the safety status data of tailings pond, timely obtain the operation status of tailings pond, guide the safe operation of tailings pond, and prevent and reduce accidents, disasters and environmental pollution. With the increasing attention to the safety of tailings pond in China, the importance of safety monitoring of tailings pond is increasing, subsequently, the safety monitoring technology of tailings pond is also developing rapidly. The development of safety monitoring technology of tailings pond in China has gone through three stages: initial stage, middle stage and advanced stage. The technology is developed from no principle to follow in earlier period to having rules and laws to follow in later period. The understanding and application of the standards have changed from mechanical copying to becoming more scientific and accurate. The monitoring has been gradually developed from manual monitoring and automatic monitoring to intelligent monitoring, accordingly improving the monitoring efficiency and accuracy. The monitoring equipment is also changing with the development of society and economy, moreover, new scientific and technological achievements are also constantly incorporated. At present, China"s safety monitoring technology of tailings pond has entered a good development period. A powerful national-level online monitoring and early warning platform for safety production of tailings pond has been built nationwide, providing strong technical support for the timely diagnosis and safety early warning of tailings pond disasters, and eliminating the occurrence of tailings pond disasters and accidents to the maximum.