固废底泥水下应用抗分散性能研究

为了实现固废底泥在水下应用时不发生分散，通过开展水下抗分散试验和黏度试验，研究了影响底泥水下抗分散性的因素，提出了使用底泥黏度来量化其水下抗分散性的方法。研究结果表明：黏度是影响固化底泥水下抗分散性的内在因素，注浆高度是影响固化底泥水下抗分散性的外在因素，黏度越大，注浆高度越小，则抗分散性能越强。羟丙基甲基纤维素的增黏效果优于瓜尔豆胶和聚丙烯酰胺，更适用于固化底泥的水下应用，pH值法和透光度法可用于表征固化底泥的水下抗分散性能。底泥黏度小于3.7 Pa·s时，水下注浆易发生下落扩散和触底碰撞扩散；底泥黏度介于3.7～22.0 Pa·s时，水下注浆只发生轻微触底碰撞扩散；底泥黏度大于22.0 Pa·s时，水下注浆不易发生扩散。固化底泥在水下应用时，推荐其黏度为3.7～22.0 Pa·s、注浆高度在30 cm以内。

Washout resistance analysis of solidified silt in underwater applications

To avoid the washout loss of solidified silt in underwater applications, the main factors that affect the washout resistance of solidified silt are analyzed and the grout viscosity is adopted to quantify the washout resistance based on underwater tests. Test results indicate that the viscosity is the intrinsic factor and the grouting height is the extrinsic factor that affect the washout resistance of solidified silt. The greater the viscosity and the smaller the grouting height, the greater the washout resistance of the solidified silt. HPMC is more suitable for underwater solidified silt than GG and PAM due to its high thickening effectiveness, and the pH and transmissivity methods can be used to characterize its performance on washout resistance. Both falling and collisional diffusions will occur when the viscosity is smaller than 3.7 Pa·s, only collisional diffusion will happen when the viscosity is varying from 3.7 to 22.0 Pa·s, but no diffusion is spotted when the viscosity is greater than 22.0 Pa·s. Solidified silt with viscosity varying from 3.7 to 22 Pa·s and grouting height smaller than 30 cm is recommended for underwater applications.