广东罗定船步铁炉村古代冶金遗址初步研究

铁炉村冶金遗址位于广东省罗定市船步镇铁炉村附近的丘陵脚底，遗存面积约200 m2。团队从2013年至今开展多次田野调查并取样。采用扫描电镜及能谱分析（SEM-EDS）、金（矿）相、加速器质谱（AMS）碳十四断代等研究手段，对铁炉村遗址的7个炉渣和2个金属铁块样品进行了成分和显微组织的检测分析，对1份木炭样品开展14C检测。研究结果表明，该遗址既是生铁冶炼遗址又是生铁炒钢冶金遗址。生铁冶炼炉渣是铁硅铝系高硅低铁渣。遗址遗存的大块金属样品的显微组织为铁素体，磷偏析严重，为生铁炒钢产品；其相对应的炒钢炉渣为铁硅铝系高铁渣。此类高铁渣基体局部留存有大量浮氏体等。该遗址为迄今我国发现的第一处明确遗存有古代炒钢冶金产品的遗址。该遗址遗存的竖炉及生铁冶炼炉渣、炒铁炉、炒钢产品及其冶金炉渣等一整套较为齐全证据链的生铁冶炼及生铁炒钢冶金遗物，目前国内仅见一处，将为确立古代生铁炒钢渣的鉴别标准等提供重要的科学资料。AMS-C14检测结果显示，遗址至晚距今570±25 (BP)（约元中至明初）开始钢铁冶金活动。

Preliminary Study of Puddling Steel Technology of Ancient Site Found at Chuanbu Tielucun in Luoding City of Guangdong Province

The metallurgical site of Tielucun belonged to Yuan and Ming Dynasties is located at the foot of the hill near Tielu village, Chuanbu town, Luoding city, Guangdong province. The remaining area of the site is about 200 m2. Our work group has carried out fieldwork and sampling at the site for many times since 2013. In this study, the composition and microstructure of 7 slag samples and 2 metal iron samples collected from the site found at Tielucun were analyzed by using metallographic microscopy and SEM-EDS. The date of the site is investigated by using the method of 14C-AMS. The results show that the site is not only a site of smelting cast iron but also a site of puddling steel. The smelting slags of cast iron are high silicon content. The microstructure of the two samples taken from a bulk of metal remained at the site is mainly ferrite with serious phosphorus segregation, which are the products of puddling steel, and its corresponding slags are the remained high iron slags of which contain a lots wüstite in parts. It is the first time to confirm clearly the puddling steel-making site of remaining the puddled steel products in ancient China. The remains of one shaft furnace, cast iron smelting slags, one puddling furnace, and the puddled steel products and their slags etc., a complete set of the chain of evidences of cast iron smelting and the puddling steel-making, is the only one site found in ancient China to date. The study will be very useful for establishing the norms of identifying those slags among the bloomery iron smelting, and the puddling steel-making, as well as cast iron refinery process. The result of 14C-AMS shows that the metallurgical activities of the cast iron smelting and puddling steel-making employed at the site begins at least about 570±25 (BP).