尾砂分级综合利用对尾矿库安全稳定的影响

开展尾砂分级综合利用是当下矿山资源综合利用的趋势。研究尾矿分级粒径的选取对尾矿库安全稳定的影响问题，并阐明获得科学合理的尾矿分级粒径取值的技术路径。结果表明：尾矿分级取走一定数量的粗粒尾矿对尾矿堆积筑坝及尾矿库排洪的安全稳定性产生一定的影响，如果尾砂分级粒径选取不合理，取走的粗粒尾矿数量超过安全范围，造成细粒(包括黏性)尾砂占比增加，可能导致尾矿堆积坝出现渗透变形破坏，严重时甚至会造成尾矿坝坍滑失稳；同时可能导致尾矿沉积滩面坡度变缓，减少尾矿库的调洪库容，降低尾矿库的排洪安全性。研究获得安全合理的尾矿分级粒径取值对于尾矿库的安全稳定性至关重要。为了实现这一目标，必须以尾矿库的安全(包括尾矿坝的稳定安全和尾矿库的排洪安全)为中心展开一系列的研究论证工作，才能确保尾砂分级粒径取值的科学、合理。主要研究内容包括：研究分级后的尾矿物理力学特性变化情况、尾矿沉积滩平均坡度变化情况，以及尾砂粒径改变之后，对尾矿坝沉积分布规律产生的影响；基于多种工况条件，重新进行尾矿坝渗流分析计算、尾矿库调洪演算和尾矿坝稳定分析计算，必要时还需要进行尾矿库溃坝试验研究。研究成果可指导国内外尾矿分级综合利用工程技术实...

Study on the Influence of Tailings Classification and its Comprehensive Utilization on the Safety and Stability of Tailings Pond

Classification and comprehensive utilization of tailings is currently a policy encouraged in China. However, improperly-selected particle size of tailings in the classification will result in a decrease in the amount of coarse tailings discharged into the tailings pond and an increase in the proportion of fine tailings during the comprehensive utilization, and the increased viscous tailings will make the water permeability of the newly-formed fill dam worse, thus decreasing the indicators of average strength and volume weight of tailings. Eventually, it will lead to performance degradation in the water permeability and consolidation of the tailings fill dam, thus making the seepage line in the dam elevated and increasing the possibility of seepage deformation and damage, and even cause the collapse and instability of the tailings dam in serious cases. Meanwhile, the slope of deposited tailings beach will become gentle due to the increase in the amount of fine tailings during the damming period, which will reduce the flood control capacity and flood discharge safety of the tailings pond. In this paper, the key to solve this problem is that the value of tailings particle size in the classification must focus on the safety of tailings pond (including the stability and safety of tailings dam and the flood discharge safety of tailings pond) to carry out a series of researches and demonstrations, so as to ensure scientific and reasonable value of tailings particle size in the classification. The main research and demonstration include the changes of physical and mechanical properties of tailings and the average slope change of the deposited tailings beach after classification, and the impact on the deposit distribution of tailings dam after changing the tailings particle size. Afterwards the seepage of tailings dam, flood control of the tailings pond and stability of tailings dam are re-analyzed and re-calculated under various working conditions. The dam break test and study of the tailings pond is also required if necessary.