《建筑抗震设计规范》的发展沿革和最新修订

在回顾了我国建筑抗震设计规范的发展沿革的基础上，简要介绍了《建筑抗震设计规范》历次版本的主要特点，着重阐述GB 50011-2001规范的最新修订情况。这些修订包括：建筑抗震设防水准、设计基本地震加速度、基本要求和概念设计、场地分类和评估、地震作用和抗震验算等基础性内容，各类建筑结构的抗震设计规定、计算方法和抗震措施，新增加了结构抗震性能设计要求以及大跨度空间结构、地下建筑等内容。1976年7·28唐山地震造成未设防或设防能力低的各类房屋建筑严重破坏和倒塌，通过对地震区建筑震害的调查研究，吸取经验教训，对TJ 11-78《工业与民用建筑抗震设计规范》及时进行了修订。2008年5·12汶川地震全面考验了各类建筑结构，凡按照现行规范设计建造的建筑都能达到“小震不坏，中震可修，大震不倒”的设防目标。在震中地区，由于实际地震影响烈度远高于设防烈度，致使具备一定抗震设防能力的建筑结构不可避免地产生了破坏。通过对这些震害的研究，对多道抗震防线、强柱弱梁、剪力墙连梁、砌体结构整体性、楼梯间、非结构构件等抗震设计问题提供了有益的启示，及时地体现在GB 50011-2001《建筑抗震设计规范》的修订中。抗震性能设计方法被明确地编入新修订的《建筑抗震设计规范》，充实了中国特色的“三水准两阶段”抗震设防理念。图3表7参7

Evolution and present updation of ‘Code for seismic design of buildings’

A general review of development and evolution of seismic design codes in China is provided in the paper. Major features contained in several versions and the present update of ‘Code for seismic design of buildings’ are summarized. Main items regarding to earthquake levels, design earthquake acceleration, essential requirements of seismic design, site assessment and classification, seismic response spectra, seismic alalysis as well as regulations of seismic calculations and detailing for each type of structures，including spacious and underground buildings have been seriously revised in the past. The revision of the Code TJ 11—78 was timely executed based on the investigation on damages and collapses of different buildings caused in the 1976 Tangshan Earthquake. Buildings and infrastructures were put into the real tests in the May 12, 2008 Great Wenchuan Earthquake, revealing that the three seismic goals in terms of operational under the minor earthquake, repairable under the moderate earthquake and life-safety under the major earthquake can be achieved as long as the design and construction following the code requirements. Building damages and failures, of course, occurred unavoidably due to the much higher intensity than expected by design code. Based on extensive reconnaissance investigation of building damage in the regions with moderate to severe earthquake intensities, regulations of the ‘Code for seismic design of buildings’(GB 50011—2001) are updated regarding to the multi-fortification, strong column-weak beam, link beam of shear walls, integration and ductility of masonry structures, exit ways and stair shaft，non-structural elements, etc. The concept of performance-based seismic design has been implemented in the new version of the code that improves and enriches the seismic design approach of so-called two stages for three earthquake levels.7Refs.In Chinese.