Electrodic characteristics of various carbon materials for lithium rechargeable batteries |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Advanced Materials and Technology Research Laboratories, Nippon Steel Corporation, 1618 Ida, Nakahra-ku, Kawasaki 211, Japan;2. Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwa 2557, Ube 755, Japan;1. Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China;2. Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710021, China;1. Department of Materials and Chemistry, Nanomaterial Research Institute (NMRI), National Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan;2. Department of Materials and Chemistry, CNT-Application Research Center, AIST, Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan;1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Sebu-Ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeong Gi-Do 440-746, Republic of Korea;2. Sungkyun Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), 2066, Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeong Gi-Do 440-746, Republic of Korea;3. Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea;4. School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeong Gi-Do 440-746, Republic of Korea;1. DEN-Service de Recherches Métallurgiques Appliquées, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France;2. Univ. Limoges, CNRS, IRCER, UMR 7315, F-87000, Limoges, France;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China;2. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Silicon-containing Material, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, PR China;1. College of Nanotechnology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand;2. Nanotec-KMITL Center of Excellence on Nanoelectronic Devices, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrong Rd., Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand |
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| Abstract: | Electrodic characteristics of various carbon materials have been investigated to study the correlation between structures of carbon materials and performances of negative electrodes of lithium rechargeable batteries. In the case of highly graphitized carbon materials, the discharge capacity was determined mainly by their crystallinity with no dependence on textures and natural graphite; the highest graphitization at about 360 mAh/g was stage-1 lithium-intercalated graphite, C6Li (theoretical maximum 372 mAh/g). The coulombic efficiency at the first cycle was strongly dependent on the textures of the carbon materials, and pitch-based carbon fiber of a radial structure showed an excellent coulombic efficiency over 96% by selecting appropriate electrolytes. The performances of the pitch-based carbon fiber were also excellent in the electrolytes consisting of mixed solvents containing propylene carbonate. On the other hand, the pitch coke heat-treated at 550 °C had an initial capacity over 550 mAh/g, which was beyond the theoretically maximum capacity of 372 mAh/g for C6Li, although the capacity decreased rapidly to less than 250 mAh/g within ten cycles. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fiber showed a stable capacity with cycling over 350 mAh/g in spite of low graphitization. The initial coulombic efficiency seemed to increase in accordance with decrease of hydrogen and oxygen in the pitch coke, and oxygen and nitrogen in the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. These phenomena seemed to suggest that carbon materials of disordered structure would have higher capacity than that of the graphitic carbon materials. |
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