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Hydrophobic Coating Platforms for High-Efficiency Loading and Direct Transmembrane Delivery of Fat-Soluble Osteogenic Drug for Enhanced Osseointegration of Titanium Implants |
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| Authors: | Yicheng Chen Xiaona Ning Xuelian Jia He Xin Shaolingzhuo Kong Ben Wu Tiexin Ding Simin Zhu Xiaomin Ren Xiao Zhang Zihan Lu Yufan Zhang Wenhui Zhang Yu Zhang Liang Kong Guocheng Wang Fuwei Liu |
| Affiliation: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 China;2. Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038 China;3. The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001 China;4. Research Center for Human Tissues & Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055 China;5. State-key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 China;6. State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 China
College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710032 China;7. Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West 5th Road ShaanXi, Xi'an, 710004 China;8. State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 China Department of Digital Dental Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046 China |
| Abstract: | Compared with water-soluble osteogenic drugs, fat-soluble osteogenic drugs exhibit higher bioavailability and drug stability, making them valuable for enhancing the osseointegration of implants. However, existing drug-loading coatings are primarily designed for water-soluble drugs, limiting their effectiveness in loading and delivering fat-soluble osteogenic drugs. This study employed alkali treatment, silanization, and oleic acid acylation to sequentially modify the surface of Ti alloy, aiming to fabricate surfaces capable of efficiently loading and delivering fat-soluble osteogenic drugs. Results show that the hydrophilicity and loading capacity of fat-soluble osteogenic drugs strongly depended on the duration of the acylation treatment. Furthermore, the drug release mechanism involved direct diffusion from the coating to the cells in contact, resulting in improved bioavailability, as opposed to diffusion into the surrounding medium and subsequent cellular uptake. In vitro experiments using vitamine D3 (VD3) as a model drug confirmed that the coating effectively promoted bone formation through the highly efficient delivery of VD3. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that the VD3-loaded lipophilic surface significantly enhanced osteogenic capability and improved the osseointegration of titanium implants. This study provides a promising strategy for loading fat-soluble drugs onto Ti implants and direct experimental evidence demonstrating the significant value of fat-soluble drugs in promoting implant osseointegration. |
| Keywords: | fat-soluble drug hydrophobic coating osseointegration titanium vitamin D3 |