论诱导冒落与自然崩落

金属矿山地下开采中能耗的30%~60%与岩体破碎有关,因此,诱导地压自行破岩逐渐成为矿业届研究的热点。诱导冒落法和自然崩落法是目前最具代表性的利用诱导破岩的采矿方法。介绍了两者的发展现状和工艺特点,分析了诱导破岩机理和诱导破岩方法称谓的合理性,揭示了采准工程量大、开采风险高的工艺特点和认知程度低及理论研究不深入是诱导破岩采矿法得不到推广应用的主要原因,并指出诱导条件下矿岩时空演化规律、出矿管理对冒落速度和冒落部位的调控作用、冒落块度的控制技术以及丰富多元化的研究手段是发展诱导冒落法亟需解决的关键问题。对解决诱导冒落法目前存在的问题、完善诱导破岩理论,具有重要指引作用。

Discussion on Induced Caving and Block Caving

30％ ～ 60％ energy consumption was caused by rock fragmentation in underground mining of metal mine,the rock fragmentation with underground pressure induced has been becoming research emphasis in mining.The induced caving and block caving were the typical methods of the induced broken rock.The development status and technological characteristic of the two methods were introduced;crushing mechanism and the rational name of induced rock fragmentation mining method were analyzed.Induced rock fragmentation mining method have high risk and development amount but was low degree to be known and researched that were major causes of it was not been widely used.The problems urgently to be solved were revealed,including evolvement rule of ore-rock caving with time and space,the regulation of drawing impacted on caving fragmentation and caving position,expanding research method of induced caving.The research provides a reference for resolve the problem of the induced broken of rock and perfect the induced broken theory.