用三维激光扫描技术监测矿山开采沉陷

经典地表沉陷监测方法具有工作量大、监测点保护困难、监测时间长、监测成本高等缺点,难以适应实时化矿山开采沉陷监测的需要。为此,以某矿山为例,结合三维激光扫描技术,提出了一种矿山开采沉陷高精度监测方法。在分析三维激光扫描技术工作原理的基础上,首先对矿区生产概况、监测方案、地表移动监测站设置方案进行了分析;然后结合MATLAB软件,利用分离非地面点和地面点、去除孤立点、拼接点云数据等方法处理经三维激光扫描得到的沉陷数据,并基于矿区2014年10月、2016年10月两期三维激光扫描数据,利用Kriging算法分别建立了矿区地表下沉盆地数字高程模型(Digital elevation model,DEM),对矿区地表沉陷进行分析;最后选取了矿区若干有代表性的监测点的开采沉陷监测值与对应的水准测量结果进行了对比分析。研究表明:监测结果与实测值的误差达到毫米级,反应出利用三维激光扫描技术不仅可快速获取矿区开采沉陷监测数据,而且可对开采沉陷进行高精度监测,对于进一步研究矿区开采沉陷规律、提高矿区开采沉陷监测效率有一定的参考价值。

Mining Subsidence Monitoring Method Based on Laser Scanning Technique

The traditional surface subsidence observation methods have some disadvantages such as heavy workload,difficult to protect the observation points,long time surveying and observation costs,which are not consistence to the requirements of real-time mining subsidence monitoring.In order to improve the efficiency of mining subsidence monitoring and the precise of mining subsidence prediction,taking a mining area as the research example,combing with the three-dimensional laser scanning technique,a new mining subsidence monitoring method with high precise is proposed.Based on analyzing the working principle of three-dimensional laser scanning technique,firstly,the geography environment and production status of the mining area are discussed,the monitoring schemes and the setting methods of surface movement monitoring stations are analyzed in detail;then,the surface mining subsidence area of the mining area is observed,and the mining subsidence data is obtained by using threedimensional laser scanning technique,combing with MATLAB software,the methods of separating the non-ground points and the ground points,removing the isolated point and splicing point of the cloud data are used to process the mining subsidence data,and combing with the three-dimensional laser scanning data obtained in October 2014 and October 2016,the digital elevation model (DEM) of the mining subsidence basins are established respectively by using the Kriging algorithm to analyze the surface mining subsidence;finally,the error between the monitoring values and corresponding actual leveling measurement results of the points selected in the mining area is reached to millimeter level,which indicated that the three-dimensional laser scanning technique not only can be used to obtain the monitoring data of mining subsidence quickly,but also can be used to monitor the mining subsidence with high precise,therefore,the mining subsidence method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique is good to analyzing the mining subsidence regularity and improve the precise of mining subsidence monito