酶解法制备禾虫多肽液的工艺优化及其脱腥工艺探究

目的 应用单因素和响应面实验优化禾虫的酶解工艺，结合模糊数学法探究一种有效的脱腥方法。方法 以中性蛋白酶为酶解剂，禾虫为主要原料，研究液料比、酶用量、时间、温度、pH对酶解效果的影响。在单因素实验的基础上，以液料比、酶解温度、酶用量为自变量，禾虫多肽液的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl，DPPH）自由基清除率为响应值，通过Box-Behnken响应面法分析不同因素对酶解效果的影响，确定酶解的最优组合，并应用美拉德反应、硅藻土和酵母粉对禾虫多肽液进行脱腥实验，模糊数学法评价3种脱腥处理的效果。结果 根据响应面实验得出禾虫的最佳酶解组合为：液料比1:1 (g/mL)、酶解温度60℃、中性蛋白酶用量2450 U/g，得到酶解液的DPPH自由基清除率47.25%±0.11%；禾虫多肽液脱腥的最佳处理为：酵母粉添加量0.7%，反应温度35℃，反应时间30 min。结论 中性蛋白酶酶解禾虫制备禾虫多肽液并采用酵母粉脱腥效果最佳，为禾虫的精深加工提供借鉴，促进禾虫产业的发展。

Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis process for preparing polypeptide solution of Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus and investigation of its deodoration

Objective To optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis process of Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus by using single factor and response surface experiments, and explore an effective method of deodorization in combination with fuzzy mathematics. Methods Using neutral protease as the enzymolysis agent and tylorrhynchus heterochaetus as the main raw material, the effects of liquid to material ratio, enzyme dosage, time, temperature and pH value on the enzymolysis were studied. On the basis of single factor experiment, with liquid to material ratio, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature and enzyme dosage as independent variables, the radical scavenging rate of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus polypeptide solution as the response value, Box-Behnken response surface method was used to analyze the influence of different factors on the enzymolysis, and the optimal combination of enzymolysis was determined. Maillard reaction, diatomite and yeast powder were used to carry out the experiment of deodorization of the Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus polypeptide solution. Fuzzy mathematics method was used to evaluate the effect of the three deodorized treatments. Results According to the response surface experiment, the optimal enzymolysis combination of Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus was as follows: liquid to material ratio 1:1, enzymolysis temperature 60℃, neutral protease dosage 2450 U/g, and the DPPH radical scavenging rate of the enzymolysis solution was 47.25%±0.11%. The best treatment for deodorization of the polypeptide solution was: adding 0.7% of yeast powder, reaction temperature 35℃, and reaction time 30 min. Conclusion The effect of neutral protease hydrolysis to prepare polypeptide solution of Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus and using yeast powder to remove its fishy smell is the best, which can provide reference for the deep processing of Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus and promote the development of Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus industry.