Structure and properties of diffusion bonded transition joints between commercially pure titanium and type 304 stainless steel using a nickel interlayer |
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Authors: | Sukumar Kundu Subrata Chatterjee |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur, Howrah, 711103, India |
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Abstract: | The solid-state diffusion bonding was carried out between commercially pure titanium and Type 304 stainless steel using nickel
as an interlayer in the temperature range of 800–900 °C for 9 ks under 3 MPa load in vacuum. The transition joints thus formed
were characterized in the optical and scanning electron microscopes. The inter-diffusion of the chemical species across the
diffusion interfaces were evaluated by electron probe microanalysis. TiNi3, TiNi and Ti2Ni are formed at the nickel–titanium (Ni–Ti) interface; however, the stainless steel–nickel (SS–Ni) diffusion interface is
free from intermetallic compounds up to 850 °C temperature. At 900 °C, the Ni–Ti interface exhibits the presence of α-β Ti
discrete islands in the matrix of Ti2Ni and λ + χ + α-Fe, λ + FeTi and λ + FeTi + β-Ti phase mixtures occur at the SS–Ni interface. The occurrence of different
intermetallics are confirmed by the x-ray diffraction technique. The maximum tensile strength of ∼276 MPa and shear strength
of ∼209 MPa along with 7.3% elongation were obtained for the diffusion couple processed at 850 °C. At the 900 °C joining temperature,
the formation of Fe–Ti base intermetallics reduces the bond strength. Evaluation of the fracture surfaces using scanning electron
microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy demonstrates that failure takes place through Ni–Ti interface up to 850 °C and
through the SS–Ni interface of the joint when processed at 900 °C. |
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