响应面优化鸡油菌多酚的超声辅助提取工艺及其抗氧化活性

以鸡油菌为原料获得鸡油菌多酚提取的最佳工艺条件，采用超声波辅助乙醇提取法，以料液比、超声温度、乙醇浓度、超声时间为单因素，利用Box-Behnken方法进行四因素三水平的实验设计优化了多酚最佳提取工艺条件。同时，以超高效液相色谱质谱技术UPLC-MS对鸡油菌中的多酚成分进行了分析，采用DPPH法、ABTS法、FRAP法对多酚进行了体外抗氧化活性评价。此外，比较了乙醇浸提、索式热回流提取与超声波辅助乙醇提取三种方法对鸡油菌多酚含量的差异。结果表明:采用超声波辅助乙醇提取鸡油菌多酚的最佳条件为料液比1:32（g/mL）、超声温度40 ℃、乙醇浓度40%、超声时间21 min；超声辅助提取多酚的量最大，为11.80 mg/g；浸提多酚含量为8.60 mg/g；索式热回流多酚含量为3.60 mg/g。UPLC-MS分析结果表明鸡油菌多酚提取物主要包含没食子酸、咖啡酸和丁香酸酚类成分；与传统方法比较，超声波辅助提取法是一种简单快速高效的多酚提取方法；三种体外抗氧化活性试验表明，鸡油菌多酚具有较强的体外抗氧化活性。

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from the Mushroom of Cantharelles cibarius and Its Antioxidant Activity

An optimized method of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was proposed for the effective extraction of polyphenols from the mushroom of Cantharelles cibarius and evaluated by response surface methodology. In this study, solid-liquid ratio, ultrasonic temperature, ethanol concentration and ultrasonic time were investigated and optimized using a central composite rotatable design. The main polyphenols were identified by UPLC-MS method. Besides, traditional extracting methods including maceration and soxhlet extraction methods were also carried out for comparison. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of polyphenols was evaluated by the scavenging abilities of DPPH free radical, ABTS+ free radical and measuring Fe3+ reduction capacity. The results showed that the best extraction conditions were ethanol concentration 40%, solid-liquid ratio 1:32 g/mL, ultrasonic temperature 40 ℃ and ultrasonic time 21 min . Ultrasonic assisted extraction of polyphenols was the highest, 11.80 mg/g, the content of extracted polyphenols was 8.60 mg/g, the polyphenols of Soxhlet heat reflux was 3.60 mg/g. The result of UPLC-MS analysis showed that the main phenols contained gallic acid, caffeic acid and eugenic acis. Compared to conventional methods, the ultrasonic assisted extraction was an efficient, rapid and simple approach for the extraction of polyphenols with good antioxidants activity from Cantharelles cibarius.