中国食品安全监督抽检效率的定量评价研究

食品安全监督抽检效率是衡量政府在监督抽检环节发现问题食品和问题企业能力的重要指标，科学评价食品安全监督抽检效率对提升政府监管效能、夯实食品安全战略具有重要意义。文章基于监督抽检不合格率与随机抽检不合格率之间的理论逻辑关系，系统构建了食品安全监督抽检效率测度方法，并利用30个省（区、市）公布的30类加工食品共919630批次监督抽检数据，对我国食品安全监督抽检效率进行定量评价。研究表明，2017~2019年我国食品安全监督抽检效率整体水平严重偏低且存在明显的省际差异。具体而言，2017~2019年我国平均食品安全监督抽检效率分别仅有0.8056、0.8493、0.8673，其中10个省（区、市）的监督抽检效率年均增长率为负数，监督抽检效率处于高水平和较高水平的省（区、市）数量不足10个，且逐渐向东部沿海地区集聚。因此，建议政府在开展食品安全监督抽检工作时，切实坚持问题导向原则，有效提高监督抽检效率。

Quantitative Evaluation of Supervision Sampling Efficiency of Food Safety in China

The supervision sampling efficiency of food safety is an important index to measure the ability of the government to find problem food and problem enterprises in the supervision and sampling process. It is of great significance to scientifically measure the efficiency of food safety supervision and random inspection to improve the government's supervision efficiency and consolidate the food safety strategy. Based on the internal logical relationship between the unqualified rate of random sampling and the unqualified rate of supervision sampling, this paper systematically constructs a method to measure the efficiency of food safety supervision and sampling, and makes a quantitative evaluation of the efficiency of food safety supervision and sampling in China by using the data of 30 kinds of processed food supervision and sampling at 30 provincial levels. The results show that the overall level of supervision sampling efficiency of food safety in China from 2017 to 2019 is seriously low, and there are some inter provincial differences. Specifically, from 2017 to 2019, China’s average supervision sampling efficiency of food safety was only 0.8056, 0.8493 and 0.8673 respectively. Among them, the average annual growth rate of supervision sampling efficiency of 10 regions was negative. The number of regions with high and higher supervision sampling efficiency was less than 10, and gradually concentrated in the eastern coastal areas. Therefore, it is suggested that when carrying out food safety supervision and sampling, the government should earnestly adhere to the problem oriented principle and effectively improve the supervision sampling efficiency.