水下无线传感器网络安全研究综述

水下无线传感器网络(UWSNs)广泛应用于如灾害预警、资源勘探等各种领域，然而易受到恶意攻击，迫切需要发展能够适应其通信带宽窄、传播时延长、时空不确定性严重等特性的安全机制。首先，该文从水下无线传感器网络的特性及安全需求入手，对其面临的安全威胁进行了分析。然后，对水下无线传感器网络中的加密、认证、信任管理、入侵检测、安全定位、安全同步和安全路由各类安全机制进行了综述。最后，对水下无线传感器网络安全研究中面临的缺少实际测试及相关数据集等挑战以及利用网络特性发展安全机制的未来研究方向进行了探讨。

Review of Security for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are widely used in disaster warning, resource exploration and other fields. However, UWSNs are vulnerable to malicious attacks. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a security mechanism that can adapt to its characteristics, e.g. communication band width, propagation time extension, and severe spatio-temporal uncertainty. First, based on the analysis of the characteristics and security requirements of UWSNs, the security threats UWSNs face are discussed in this paper. Then, the security mechanisms of UWSNs are summarized, including encryption, authentication, trust management, intrusion detection, secure location, secure synchronization and secure routing. Finally, the challenges of lack of practical tests and relevant data sets in the security research of UWSNs are discussed, as well as the future research direction of developing security mechanism based on network characteristics.