超支化聚合物的合成及其应用于油田阻垢的研究进展

超支化聚合物(HBPs)是一类高度支化的三维大分子，属于树枝状聚合物领域的一个重要亚类，由于其独特的分子结构、非对称的随机分支和端接官能团多，使其成为现阶段油田阻垢方面的研究热点。综述了超支化聚合物的3种经典合成方法：AB_X(X≥2)型单体缩聚反应、自缩合乙烯基聚合反应和开环聚合反应。总结了近年来用于阻钙镁垢、硅酸盐垢的超支化聚羧酸类、超支化聚酰胺-胺类、超支化聚酯类以及其他超支化聚合物类型的阻垢剂的研究进展，并分析了各种类型超支化聚合物的阻垢机理。对超支化聚合物在油田阻垢方面的应用和发展前景提出展望。

Research Progress on Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polymers and Their Application in Oilfield Scale Inhibition

Hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) are a kind of highly branched three-dimensional macromolecule polymer, belonging to an important subclass in the field of dendrimers. Because of their unique molecular structure, asymmetric random branch and numerous terminated functional groups, HBPs have become a research hotspot in the field of scale inhibition at present. Three classical synthesis methods of hyperbranched polymers are reviewed: AB_X (X≥2) type monomer polycondensation reaction, self-condensation vinyl polymerization reaction and ring-opening polymerization reaction. Then the paper summarizes recent research progress on hyperbranched polycarboxylic acids, hyperbranched polyamide-amines, hyperbranched polyesters and other hyperbranched polymer scale inhibitors for inhibition of calcium and magnesium scale and silicate scale, and analyzes the scale inhibition mechanisms of various hyperbranched polymers. In addition, the application and development potential of hyperbranched polymers in oilfield scale inhibition is prospected.