酪胺-分子印迹材料制备及其在食品检测中的研究进展

酪胺(Tyramine,TYR)属于生物胺的一种,是一种具有生物活性的含氮低分子量有机化合物,存在于发酵或腌制食品、陈年奶酪、啤酒、水果、腊肉和干肉等中,是微生物活动的副产品。当浓度较高时,会对人体产生较大的危害,因此,灵敏快速的检测食品中TYR含量并控制其产生和积累是食品行业关注的热点问题。目前准确检测TYR的技术有聚合酶链式反应技术和酶联免疫吸附法,但都存在检测周期长和操作繁琐等问题,不适合对TYR进行现场快速的检测。分子印迹技术制备的印迹聚合物对目标物具有高度选择性和特异识别性且稳定性高,应用范围广,因而受到了国内外科研工作者的青睐。本文介绍了酪胺-分子印迹材料常用的制备方法,包括本体聚合、原位聚合、溶胶-凝胶法和电化学聚合等;综述了近几年来分子印迹技术在食品中检测TYR的最新研究进展,比如与固相萃取、电化学传感器、荧光传感器和质量传感器等技术的联用,并且对未来分子印迹技术在TYR检测中的发展前景进行了展望,为今后的研究工作提供了一定的基础。

Preparation of Tyramine-molecularly Imprinted Materials and Its Research Progress in Food Detection

Tyramine (TYR) is a bioactive organic compound with low molecular weight containing nitrogen. It is found in fermented or preserved foods, aged cheeses, beer, fruits, cured meats and dried meats, and is a by-product of microbial activities. It will produce greater harm to the human body, when the concentration is high. Therefore, sensitive and rapid detection of TYR content in food and control of its generation and accumulation is a hot issue concerned by the food industry. Current techniques for accurate detection of TYR include polymerase chain reaction technique and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, but both suffer from long detection cycle and cumbersome operation, which are not suitable for rapid detection of TYR in the field. The imprinted polymers prepared by molecular imprinting technology are highly selective and specific for the target with high stability, and have a wide range of applications, and thus are favored by researchers at home and abroad. In this paper, the preparation methods of tyramine-molecularly imprinted materials are introduced, including bulk polymerization, in-situ polymerization, sol-gel method and electrochemical polymerization. The latest research progress of molecularly imprinted technique for TYR detection in food in recent years is reviewed, such as the combination with solid-phase extraction, electrochemical sensors, fluorescent sensors and mass sensors and the future development prospects of molecular imprinting technology in the detection of TYR are prospected, which provides a certain basis for future research work.