新疆不同品种红枣农药残留风险评估与排序

为了评估新疆不同品种红枣中农药残留的危害,探明不同品种红枣(冬枣、灰枣和骏枣)中农药残留的高风险危害因子及其风险等级。利用液相色谱-质谱法和气相色谱-质谱法测定红枣中的93种农药,比较不同品种红枣的农药残留差异,并进行风险评估,对红枣中的农药残留风险和样品风险进行排序。85份红枣共检出农药16种,不同品种的红枣农药残留检出率和检出种类不同,冬枣的农药残留检出率93.33%、检出农药种类15种,明显高于灰枣和骏枣农药残留检出率和农药种类。红枣检出农药的慢性膳食摄入风险和急性膳食摄入风险远小于100%,风险在可接受范围。冬枣中高风险农药是甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和中风险农药哒螨灵、联苯菊酯、辛硫磷、啶虫脒、甲氰菊酯。灰枣和骏枣中风险农药为:辛硫磷、丙溴磷和啶虫脒。冬枣样品中存在高风险和中等风险的样品,灰枣和骏枣样品为中风险和低风险样品。新疆红枣的质量安全状况整体良好,但冬枣农药残留风险整体偏高,应引起重视。

Risk Assessment and Ranking of Pesticide Residues in Different Varieties of Xinjiang Red Jujube

In order to evaluate the harm of pesticide residues and explore the high-risk hazard factors and risk levels in different varieties of Xinjiang red jujube (winter jujube, Hui jujube and Jun jujube), 93 pesticides were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The differences of pesticide residues in different varieties of jujube were compared, and the risk of pesticide residues in jujube samples were evaluated and ranked. A total of 16 kinds of pesticides were detected in 85 red jujube samples. The detection rates and types of pesticide residues in different varieties of red jujube were different. The detection rates of pesticide residues in winter jujube were 93.33% and 15 kinds of pesticides were detected, which were significantly higher than those in Hui jujube and Jun jujube. The risk of chronic dietary intake and acute dietary intake of pesticides detected in jujube were far less than 100%, which was in an acceptable range. The high and medium risk pesticides in winter jujube were methamamectin benzoate, mite, biphenthrin, thiophosphate, acetamidine and permethrin. The medium risk pesticides in Hui jujube and Jun jujube were: phosphorus, propylene bromphosphorus and acetamidine. There were high risk and medium risk samples in the winter jujube samples, but the Hui jujube and Jun jujube samples were both medium risk and low risk samples. The quality and safety of jujube in Xinjiang is generally good, but the risk of pesticide residue in winter jujube is generally high, which should be paid attention to.