不同杂粮多糖的体外抗氧化、益生和抗癌活性比较

以燕麦、薏米、藜麦、糙米、黄小米、大麦、青稞、苦荞、黑麦为原料，小麦作为对照，采用水提醇沉法分别提取获得10种多糖，测定、比较其抗氧化活性、抑制结肠癌细胞HCT116活性以及对益生菌生长的影响，筛选出体外活性强的多糖。本研究采用DPPH、ABTS和羟自由基法研究不同多糖的体外抗氧化活性，采用MTT法检测不同多糖在48、72 h对HCT116细胞增殖抑制作用，通过长双歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌、青春双歧杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌分别体外培养的方法研究其对益生菌生长的影响。结果表明，不同杂粮多糖体外活性存在显著性差异。十种多糖对DPPH、ABTS和羟自由基均具有清除能力。其中，苦荞多糖对三种自由基的清除能力最强，分别为12.76 μmol Trolox/g DW、39.56 μmol Trolox/g DW和1615.32 μmol V_C/g DW。在对益生菌生长的影响上，1%浓度的黄小米、大麦、燕麦多糖能够更易被短双歧杆菌、青春双歧杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌选择利用。在48 h下多糖抑制HCT116细胞增殖的活性强弱:小麦>糙米>薏米>大麦>黄小米，在72 h下多糖抑制HCT116细胞增殖的活性强弱:小麦>薏米>糙米>黄小米>大麦。实验结果将为杂粮品质评价提供参考，为功能性食品开发中原料的选择提供依据。

Comparison of in Vitro Antioxidant,Probiotic and Anticancer Activities of Different Coarse Cereal Polysaccharides

Taking oat, adlay, quinoa, brown rice, yellow millet, barley, highland barley, tartary buckwheat, and rye as raw materials, and wheat as a control, 10 kinds of polysaccharides were obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation, respectively. The antioxidant activity of different polysaccharides, the inhibition of HCT116 activity of colon cancer cells and the effect on the growth of probiotics were determined and compared, and the polysaccharides with strong in vitro activity were screened out. In this study, DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radical assays were used to study the in vitro antioxidant activities of different polysaccharides, and MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory effects of different polysaccharides on the proliferation of HCT116 cells at 48 and 72 h. Bifidobacterium longum Reuter, Bifidobacterium breve Reuter, Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus were cultured in vitro to study their effects on the growth of probiotics.The results showed that there were significant differences in the in vitro activities of different coarse cereal polysaccharides. Ten kinds of polysaccharides had scavenging abilities to DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radicals. Among them, tartary buckwheat polysaccharide had the strongest scavenging ability to three free radicals, which were 12.76 μmol Trolox/g DW, 39.56 μmol Trolox/g DW and 1615.32 μmol V_C/g DW, respectively. In terms of the effect on the growth of probiotics, 1% concentration of yellow millet, barley and oat polysaccharides could be more easily selected and utilized by Bifidobacterium breve Reuter, Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. At 48 h, the inhibitory activity of polysaccharide on HCT116 cell proliferation was as follows: Wheat>brown rice>adlay>yellow millet; at 72 h, the inhibitory activity of polysaccharide on HCT116 cell proliferation was as follows: Wheat>adlay>brown rice>yellow millet>barley. The experimental results would provide reference for the quality evaluation of miscellaneous coarse cereals, and provide the basis for the selection of raw materials in the development of functional food.