酶法合成结构脂质中酯酶催化活性下降机理研究进展

结构脂质是一类将具有特殊生理功能的脂肪酸结合到甘油三酯骨架上特定位置重新组合生成的新型脂质。酶法催化合成结构脂质具有反应条件温和,能耗低,分离纯化工艺简单,以及可以合成特定酰基位置上的功能性脂肪酸而受到重视。工业上随着酯酶使用次数的增加,酯酶催化活力显著下降,导致目标结构脂质产量降低。本文综述了近年来国内外关于酯酶催化合成结构脂质酯酶结构改变、活性变化和催化活性下降机理,酶活性下降主要是因为分子间强相互作用或弱相互作用破坏酶催化活性中心,本研究可为解决酶法合成结构脂质面临的酯酶活力降低的技术瓶颈提供参考。

Research Progress on the Mechanisms of Decreasing Catalytic Activity of Lipase in the Production of Structured Lipids Synthesized by Enzymatic Method

Structured lipids are a new class of lipids recombined by combining fatty acids with special physiological functions at specific positions on the triglyceride backbone. Enzymatic catalyzed synthesis of structured lipids has attracted attention due to its mild reaction conditions, low energy consumption, simple separation and purification process, and the ability to synthesize functional fatty acids at specific acyl positions. However, with the increase of use times of lipases in industry, the catalytic activity of lipase decreases significantly, resulting in a decrease in the production of target structural lipids. This paper reviews the structure change, activity change and decreasing catalytic activity mechanisms of lipase-catalyzed synthesis of structured lipids in China and outside China in recent years. It found that the decrease of enzyme activity is mainly due to the destruction of the catalytic active center by strong or weak intermolecular interaction. This study provides a reference for solving the technical bottleneck of reducing lipase activity in the enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids.