双水相体系萃取肉桂挥发油工艺优化及其风味物质分析

目的:优化双水相法萃取肉桂挥发油工艺并研究其对风味物质的影响。方法:以肉桂挥发油得率为指标，通过正交试验设计优化双水相萃取肉桂挥发油工艺；采用气相色谱与质谱联用并运用主成分分析法对比探究肉桂挥发油风味物质变化。结果:最佳萃取工艺为乙醇质量分数25%，磷酸二氢钠质量分数34%，固液比1:15 g/mL，萃取时间60 min，萃取温度35 ℃，此条件下肉桂挥发油和肉桂醛得率为2.82%和0.037%，与常规水蒸气蒸馏法相比分别提高了1.07和1.31倍。双水相萃取法和水蒸气蒸馏法制得挥发油中分别鉴定出14和15种物质，均以萜烯类和醛类为主。双水相萃取法制得挥发油中含有更多的α-蒎烯（59.93%）、杜松萜-1(10),4-二烯（10.20%）、α-衣兰油烯（7.35%）、环苜蓿烯（2.44%）和衣兰烯（1.50%）等萜烯类成分。结论:双水相萃取用于肉桂挥发油提取具有条件温和、得率高及溶剂易回收等优势，可作为香辛料挥发油萃取分离的有效方法。

Study on Aqueous Two-phase Extraction Process of Volatile Oil from Cinnamon and Its Flavor Composition

Objective: This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of essential oil from Cinnamomum cassia Presl. and reveal its effect on flavor compounds. Methods: The aqueous two-phase extraction of essential oil was optimized by orthogonal design, and the yield of the essential oil from Cinnamomum cassia Presl. was employed as the index to evaluate the outcome. The flavor compounds of cinnamon volatile oil were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with principal component analysis. Results: The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: The mass fraction of ethanol 25%, the mass fraction of sodium dihydrogen phosphate 34%, the solid-liquid ratio 1:15 g/mL, the extraction time 60 min, and the temperature of extraction 35 ℃. Under these conditions, the yields of cinnamon volatile oil and cinnamaldehyde were 2.82% and 0.037%, which were 1.07 times and 1.31 times higher than those of the conventional steam distillation method. Furthermore, a total of 14 and 15 chemical compounds were identified in the essential oil of Cinnamomum cassia Presl. by two-phase extraction and steam distillation method, respectively. The results demonstrated that most of these compounds were terpenes and aldehydes. Compared with the conventional steam distillation method, the main components of the volatile oil prepared by aqueous two-phase extraction were distinct, and the latter contained more terpene components such as α-pinene (59.93%), cadina-1(10),4-diene (10.20%), α-muurolene (7.35%), cycloalfalfa (2.44%) and yilanene (1.50%). Conclusion: The aqueous two-phase extraction has several advantages of mild conditions, high yield and easy recovery of solvent for the extraction of cinnamon volatile oil. It can be used as an effective method for the extraction and separation of volatile oil from spices.