悬河议

悬河是指河床明显高于河流堤防背河侧地面的河 ,其水位常年高于两岸地面 .黄河最迟于西汉时期已形成悬河 ;当代黄河不决口 ,淤积程度加快 ,悬河日甚 ,在河道宽阔的部分河段已形成二级悬河 .悬河具有区别于一般平原河道的特点 ,使其常年存在决口的危险 ,且决口后灾害严重 ,需要不断进行防洪工程建设 .悬河的治理措施主要是通过在悬河上游大力开展水土保持和修建水库来降低洪峰、减少来沙 ,加高加固堤防 ,进行河道整治 ,从长远考虑还要淤筑相对地下河 .

On preched streams

The perched stream is the river whose bed is apparently higher than the land side ground of the river wall and whose water level is higher than both side grounds all the year round. Yellow River became a perched river in at the latest period of the Western Han dynasty. Because the today's Yellow River doesn't break and silts up rapidly, the perched streams are getting higher and higher and two-stage perched streams have been formed in some sections of broad river channels. Perched streams have the characteristics different from ordinary plain river channels, which leave them to have the risk of breaking all the year round. After their breaking, there would be severe disasters. For this reason, flood control projects must be built very often. The measures of treating perched streams are mainly as follows: launching water and soil conservation on a large scale in the upper courses of the perched streams and building reservoirs to lower flood peaks and reduce coming sand; heightening and strengthening embankments, improving channels, and in the long run, silting and constructing relative underground rivers.