云南野生食用牛肝菌中镉含量测定及食用安全评估

以采自云南不同地区17种野生食用牛肝菌及其生长土壤为研究对象,采用ICP-AES法测定牛肝菌及土壤中有毒重金属Cd含量。分析不同种类牛肝菌对Cd的富集规律,及与生长土壤之间的联系;根据GB 2762-2012和FAO/WHO规定的每周Cd允许摄入量（provisional tolerable weekly intake,PTWI）评估云南野生牛肝菌的Cd暴露风险。结果显示,不同种类牛肝菌对Cd的富集量具有明显差异,菌盖、菌柄的Cd含量分别在3.03¹8.89 mg/kg干重（dw）和2.13¹0.03 mg/kg dw之间;除黄网柄粉牛肝菌外,菌盖与菌柄的Cd含量比值均大于1(Q_（C/S）>1),表明牛肝菌菌盖对Cd的富集能力强于菌柄;不同种类牛肝菌菌盖、菌柄的富集系数分别在0.08¹.55和0.06⁰.71之间,多数牛肝菌的Cd含量与其生长土壤的Cd含量成正相关关系,表明牛肝菌对Cd的富集程度与种类和土壤背景有关;分析牛肝菌的食用安全性表明,17种牛肝菌菌盖、菌柄的Cd平均含量均超过GB 2762-2012规定的Cd限量标准;假设成年人（60 kg）每周食用500 g新鲜牛肝菌,则部分牛肝菌摄入的Cd超过FAO/WHO规定的允许摄入量标准,应避免长期或过量食用。 

Determination of content of cadmium and health risk assessment in wild- grown bolete mushrooms from Yunnan province

17 species of wild- grown edible bolete mushrooms and the topsoil which collected from different regions of Yunnan province were used as the research objects.The content of toxic heavy metal cadmium in boletes was determined by ICP- AES. The enrichment regularities of Cd in different species of bolete mushrooms and the relationship of Cd contents between boletes and the topsoil samples were analyzed. The Cd exposure risk of the wild- grown bolete mushrooms from Yunnan was evaluated according to the GB2762-2012 and Cd Provisionally Tolerable Weekly Intake( PTWI) recommended by the FAO / WHO. The results showed that,there were obvious differences in enrichment of Cd contents in different species of mushroom samples,the Cd content in caps and stipes were in the range of 3.03~18.89,2.13~10.03 mg / kg dry weight( dw),respectively.Except the Pulveroboletus retipes,the Cd content ratios of cap and stipe(Q_((C/S))) were greater than 1.It demonstrated that the accumulation ability of Cd in caps was stronger than that in stipes of the bolete mushrooms.The bioaccumulation factor of caps and stipes of different bolete mushroom samples were in the range of 0.08 ~ 1.55 and 0.06 ~ 0.71,respectively. The contents of Cd in most boletes and the topsoil were positively related which showed that the Cd accumulation degree was related to the species and soil background.After analyzing the edible safety of boletes,it showed thecontents of Cd in 17 species of wild- grown bolete mushrooms exceed the Cd limited standard which prescribed by GB2762-2012.If adults( 60 kg) eat 500 g fresh bolete mushrooms a week,Cd intakes in part of boletes would be higher than the PTWI standard which shows that these mushrooms couldn't be ate for long- term or excessively.