微波辐照抑制储粮虫卵孵化的研究

为解决当前粮食储藏中普遍采用的化学熏蒸除虫存在的污染问题,研究了基于热物理方法的微波辐照对储粮籽粒中虫卵的抑制效果,通过改变微波功率和辐照时间,得到了微波性质、粮层温度、籽粒活力与虫卵孵化率的关系。结果表明:微波能够穿透的粮层深度为7~10cm,1kW微波源,90s为抑虫效果最佳的辐照时间,2kW微波源,60s抑虫效果最佳,籽粒外观未有改变,粮食籽粒内部以米象、麦蛾虫卵为主要虫卵的孵化率为0%;该条件下辐照未影响籽粒活力,籽粒发芽率和相对电导率相比对照组没有显著变化,辐照仅使粮层表面籽粒含水量降低,其他粮层籽粒含水量不受影响。该研究为微波辐照抑制粮食籽粒中虫卵孵化技术在粮库中的应用提供了依据。

Study on inhibiting effect on egg hatching in grain storage by using microwave irradiation

In order to solve the pollution problems of chemical fumigation pest which commonly used in grain storage currently, based on the principle of thermal physics, microwave irradiation was used to inhibit egg hatching in grain. Through changing the microwave power and irradiation time, the relationship between the factors including microwave properties, grain temperature and grain vigor, and hatchability of eggs were found. The results showed that the effect depth of microwave was 7-10 cm, and the best time of irradiation was 90 s at 1 kW and 60 s at 2 kW, with no change on the grain appearance. Moreover, the hatchability of eggs, mainly S.oryzae and cerealella, inside the seed was 0%. Irradiation had a less effect on seed viability, and no obvious changes was observed in germination percentage and relative electrical conductivity. The irradiation could significantly affect the moisture content of surface, but the others were less influenced. The results can provide some helpful information for the application of the irradiation in inhibiting the egg hatching in grain during storage.