重金属检测荧光传感技术的研究进展

重金属离子是一类极具生理毒性的化学物质,其检测方法在化学传感领域引起了人们广泛的关注,而食品中重金属离子的检测也愈发重要。荧光探针因具有组织穿透性、低背景荧光干扰、高效灵敏和检测实时便捷等特点,成为重金属检测的重要手段之一。文中综述了近年来主要重金属离子检测荧光探针(香豆素类,罗丹明类、喹啉类和比率型)的研究进展,重点分析荧光探针的设计原理,检测机制及其结构与化学传感的关系,为荧光探针识别重金属的应用提供指导。最后展望了荧光探针在食品检测、环境监测和生物成像等领域的发展趋势和应用前景。 

Study on fluorescent chemosensors for heavy metal ions

As a great toxic chemical substance in physiology,heavy metal ions in food causes severe healthy problems and the detection methods of them have aroused widespread concern,especially in sensing area.Owing to their unique advantages,such as tissue penetration,minimum interference from background auto- fluorescence and efficient detection,fluorescent chemosensors have been one of the most important sensing methods for heavy metals. The advances in the progress of fluorescent chemosensors including coumarin,rhodamine analogue,quinoline and radiometric chemosensors were reviewed in this paper. The design principles of chemosensors,as well as sensing mechanisms and the relationship between structure and chemical sensing were analyzed,which provided guidance for fluorescent chemosensors to identify the heavy metals.Finally,in the aspect of food testing,environmental monitoring and biological imaging,the development and prospect of fluorescent chemosensors were addressed to our understanding.