云南野生与栽培茯苓中矿质元素含量研究

建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定云南15个产地野生与栽培茯苓菌核中Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Co、Li、V、Ba、Cr、As、Cd、Pb等12种矿质元素,探讨茯苓中矿质元素的含量分布特征。采用SPSS 21.0进行主成分分析和相关性分析。结果显示,线性回归方程相关系数r均大于0.9990,检出限范围在0.009¹.035μg/L之间,参考物菠菜（GBW10015）和灌木枝叶（GBW07603）测定值在国家参考标准值范围内,表明该方法准确、可靠。所测样品中含有丰富的矿质元素,栽培种Fe、Mn、Co、V、Cr等元素含量高于野生;野生和栽培菌核中Fe元素含量范围分别为31.8¹08.3、49.7⁸05.6 mg/kg,Mn元素含量分别为5.59³5.6、12.9⁶7.7 mg/kg;Cu、Zn和Ba元素平均含量在1¹0 mg/kg之间;Co、Li、V、As、Cd、Pb、Cr等均小于1 mg/kg,其中As（<0.16 mg/kg）、Cd（<0.03 mg/kg）、Pb（<0.35 mg/kg）等有毒重金属均低于食品安全国家标准、世界卫生组织（WHO）和《中国药典》（2015版）最高限量。第一主成分解释原始数据变量的49.060%,Mn、Fe、V、Li、As、Cr等元素载荷值较大,茯苓中特征元素为Mn、Fe、V、Li、As、Cr。相关性分析显示14对矿质元素呈现显著相关（p<0.05）或极显著相关（p<0.01）。元素在茯苓生长过程中存在内在的相关关系,不同产地样品中元素含量差异显著,可能与降水、温度、生长的土壤环境和生长方式有关。 

Determination of mineral elements of wild and cultivated Wolfiporia extensa collected from Yunnan

In order to study the distribution characteristics of mineral elements in Wolfiporia extensa from Yunnan Province,12 elements of Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,Co,Li,V,Ba,Cr,As,Cd and Pb in wild and cultivated W.extensa from 15 origins were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer( ICP- MS) method. The quantitative results were analyzed by principle component analysis( PCA) and correlation analysis using SPSS 21.0 software.The results showed that the correlation coefficients( r) of linear regression equations were all higher than 0.999 and the detection limits were in range of 0.009~1.035 μg / L.Besides,the measured values of national standard reference of spinach( GBW 10015) and shrub leaves( GBW 07603) were within the standard range,demonstrating that this method could be used for the determination of mineral elements of W. extensa accurately and reliably. The results showed that the test samples were rich in mineral elements and the content of Fe,Mn,Co,V and Cr in cultivated W.extensa were higher than that of the wild ones.In addition,the contents of Fe in wild and cultivated sclerotia were31.8~108.3 and 49.7~805.6 mg / kg,and the contents of Mn were 5.59~35.6 and 12.9~67.7 mg / kg,respectively. The average amounts of Cu,Zn and Ba were 1~10 mg / kg.The average amounts of Co,Li,V,As,Cd,Pb and Cr were all less than 1.0 mg / kg and the contents of other toxic heavy metals,such as As( < 0.16 mg / kg),Cd( < 0.03 mg /kg),Pb( < 0.35 mg /kg),were all lower than the maximum limit of the national food safety standard,World Health Organization( WHO) and Chinese Pharmacopoeia( 2015 edition).The results of PCA showed that the first principal component factor could represent 49.060% total variance contribution.The loading values of Mn,Fe,V,Li,As and Cr were higher than that of other elements,which could be regard as the characteristic elements.Correlation analysis displayed that 14 pairs of mineral elements showed significant( p < 0.05) or high significant correlation( p < 0.01) and these elements had intrinsical relationships in the growth process in W.extensa.