Chemical characterisation of saccharides in the milk of a reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555 Japan;2. State Central Veterinary Laboratory, Zaisan, Khan-Uul District, P.O.B-53/03, Ulaanbaatar 17024, Mongolia;3. Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Tsutsumidori-Amamiya machi 1-1, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan;1. Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland;2. Life Sciences Department, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland;1. Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Ludwigstr. 21 b, 35390 Giessen, Germany;2. Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Friedrichstr. 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany;1. Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel;2. School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel;3. Division of Gastroenterology, Acireale Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catania, Catania, Italy;4. Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel;5. The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel;1. Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;2. INNAVES S.A., 36475 Porriño, Pontevedra, Spain;3. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;1. Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk 664033, Russia;2. National Central University, Jhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan;3. Scobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia |
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| Abstract: | Although reindeer milk is utilised as a food in some areas in the world, including Mongolia, the saccharides in this milk have thus far not been explored. In this study, the structures of the separated saccharides were characterised by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to be as follows: Gal(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc (3′-galactosyllactose, 3′-GL), Gal(β1-6)Gal(β1-4)Glc (6′-galactosyllactose, 6′-GL), Gal(β1-4)Glc (lactose), Neu5Ac(α2-6)Gal(β1-4)Glc (6′-N-acetylneuraminyllactose, 6′-SL), Neu5Ac(α2-6)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc (sialyllacto-N-tetraose c, LST c) and uridine 5′-diphospho-α-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). In addition, monosaccharide-α-1-phosphate and some other UDP-mono or oligosaccharides were found, but Neu5Ac(α2-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc (3′-N-acetylneuraminyllactose, 3′-SL) was not detected. Lactose was the predominant saccharide. It may be concluded that, in this milk, the concentration of phosphorylated or UDP-saccharides was higher than that of Neu5Ac containing oligosaccharides; this should be a significant feature of this species milk. |
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