Field-assisted sintering of undoped BaTiO3: Microstructure evolution and dielectric permittivity |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0427, United States;2. Grupo Crescimento de Cristais e Materiais Cerâmicos, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal: 369, CEP: 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil;3. President, FAST Ceramics, 3550 Frontier Ave, Unit A, Boulder, CO 80301, United States;1. Instituto de Física de São Carlos (IFSC), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), C. Postal: 360, CEP: 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil;2. Grupo de Materiais Cerâmicos Avançados, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), CEP: 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder (UCB), Boulder, CO, 80309-0427, USA;1. Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany;2. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Joinville, Brazil;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, CO 80309-0427, United States;2. Pohang Accelerator Lab, POSTECH, South Korea;3. X-Ray Imaging Center, POSTECH, South Korea;1. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0427, USA;1. National Institute for Materials Science, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan;2. Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0427, United States;1. Department of NanoEngineering, Program of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;3. Interdisciplinary School of Green Energy, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | We report, for first time, how electric fields influence the sintering of undoped BaTiO3, a ferroelectric material, and how this process affects the microstructure and the dielectric properties. Flash sintering is achieved at a furnace temperature of 688 °C under a field of 500 V cm−1, producing specimens that are 94% dense. As a consequence, the grain size is much finer than in conventional sintering, which is shown to influence the Curie temperature and dielectric permittivity. Data obtained at different strengths of the electrical field, and current limits imposed on the specimen are presented in the form of a “processing map” that separates the safe region, where sintering is uniform, from the fail region, where the current flow in the sample becomes localized. The map illustrates that ceramics can respond by different mechanisms, with the dominant mechanism changing with the strength of the electrical parameters. |
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| Keywords: | Flash sintering Microstructure Permittivity |
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