金属切削加工的颤振及避振分析

针对规避切削颤振问题，应用相对切削速度概念，提出了速度型动态切削力表达式以及车削或镗削的振动力学模型。通过对速度型动态切削力分析，解释了切削颤振产生的机理，给出了颤振发生的必要和充分条件。同时指出，在较大的切削速度范围内，存在一个或两个相对稳定的切削速度区域。如果公称切削速度处于该稳定区域，即使背吃刀量较大，系统也不易发生颤振。这种相对稳定的切削速度区域是可以预估的，文中给出了预估公式及预估方法，并由实验分析验证。依据能量原理提出的极限背吃刀量指标是预防颤振发生的有效预估指标，极限背吃刀量的表达式也解释了变速切削技术抑制颤振的原理。

Analysis of Chatter and Preventive Measures in Metal Cutting

Applying the concept of relative cutting velocity, the expression of velocity type dynamic cutting force and the mechanics model of chatter vibration in turning or boring process were advanced. The causes of chatter vibration were interpreted by analyzing velocity type dynamic cutting force. The essential and sufficient conditions of chatter vibration occurred and developed were advanced. There is one or two stable parts of cutting velocity for preventing chatter vibration within the all range of cutting velocity. Even if the date of back cutting depth is bigger in the parts of cutting velocity, the cutting system＇s chatter vibration might not be happened. The parts of cutting velocity can be estimated in advance, the formula of calculating the parts of cutting velocity is supplied and tested in this paper. The expression of limit back cutting depth provided in this paper is effective for preventing chatter vibration, it also explains the theory of variable speed cutting techniques for controlling chatter vibration.