中小河流生态护岸技术发展趋势与热点问题

目前我国河流整治工程中过度硬化现象仍较普遍,亟需开发和应用兼具生态保护、资源可持续利用以及符合工程安全需求的生态护岸技术。生态护岸不仅具有传统护岸的行洪、排涝以及水土保持等功能,而且还融入了城市景观、文化和生态等内容,以实现人与自然的和谐共处。结合生态护岸的基本定义,总结了国内外在中小河流生态护岸研究方面的进展及其不足之处,阐述了生态护岸构建技术,指出生态岸坡构建应与传统护坡技术结合、与土工合成材料结合,同时注重新型植被生长基质研发和施工方式的创新。针对现阶段生态护岸技术在破坏机理与耐久性、生态恢复效果定量评价等方面的不足之处,文中提出了若干生态护岸建设中亟需攻克的共性关键技术问题,并展望了未来的主要研究方向。

Development trends and the hot topics of ecological revetment technology for medium and small rivers

At present， there is an excessive hardening phenomenon in river regulation works in China. It is urgent to develop ecological revetment technologies to meet the requirement of ecological protection， sustainable utilization of resources and project safety. Compared with traditional bank protection works， the ecological revetments have not only the general functions， such as flood discharge， drainage， soil and water conservation， but also advantages of nice city landscape， ecology and culture， which realizes the harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Considering the basic definition of the ecological revetment， research progress and drawbacks of the ecological revetment for the medium and small rivers are summarized in this study. It points out that the construction of ecological revetment mainly focuses on the following aspects: the combination with traditional bank protection technology， application of geo-synthetics， new substrate development for vegetation growth and construction mode innovation. In view of the shortage of the ecological revetment technology at the present stage， concerning failure mechanism and durability， and quantitative evaluation on ecological restoration effects, etc.， several common crucial problems are put forward， and main research directions in the future are proposed.