一种气垫式调压室防漏新方法

气垫式调压室具有良好的水击波反射功能，能有效降低水电站负荷急剧变化时压力管道的水击压力，但运行过程中的漏气现象制约了气垫式调压室的推广应用。提出了一种防止气垫式调压室漏气的新方法，即在传统气垫式调压室内放置橡胶芯袋作为盛气装置，实现调压室盛气和结构承载功能的分离，利用橡胶材料柔软、弹性模量小、密封性好等特点，从根本上解决了盛气密封薄壳容易开裂渗漏的问题。根据力学平衡原理、材料的应力应变关系和调压室结构的变形协调条件，结合流体力学理论和调压室内水位波动的变化规律，构建了橡胶芯袋变形与受力本构关系，并分别推导出了单个、多个橡胶芯袋预灌气压的计算式，为调压室结构设计与工程控制提供了理论依据。

A new anti-leakage method used in air cushion surge chamber

The air cushion surge chamber has a good function for reflecting water-hammer waves. That is why it can effectively reduce water hammer pressure in the pressure pipeline when the load of hydroelectric power station change dramatically. However, the leakage is always restricting the popularization and application of the air cushion surge chamber at a large scale. To solve such problems, a new technique which can effectively prevent the leakage of pressure gas is put forward in this paper. We can place rubber bags as a kind of obturator devices in the traditional air cushion surge, as a result, the rubber bags can confine gas and the surrounding rock just undertakes structural load. The new air cushion surge chamber with add-on rubber bags can successfully realize the separation of confining gas and bearing load. The air cushion surge chamber with add-on rubber bags that has the advantages of softness, low elastic modulus, and good sealing, is first put forward to radically solve the problems of pressure gas leakage when the closed thin shell is cracking. At the same time, it can achieve the seamless merge between the rubber bags and the surrounding rock of the air cushion surge chamber. Based on the theory of fluid mechanics and water level fluctuation in the air cushion surge chamber, the constitutive relation between stress and deformation of the rubber bag is well analyzed and then the calculation formulas of air needed to be pushed into a single rubber bag or multiple ones are deduced. They can meet with the force balance principle, the stress-strain relationships of the rubber material, as well as deformable coordination condition of the surge chamber. The new method for preventing leakage provides theoretical references for design and construction of the air cushion surge chamber and for engineering control in the process of operation.