双激励下轮毂电机悬置构型对电动车平顺性的影响

为解决轮毂电机引入电动汽车使车辆垂向负效应加剧的问题,研究路面激励和电机垂向激励耦合下轮毂电机悬置构型对车辆垂向性能的影响. 综合分析国内外电动汽车构型影响规律,比较两种分别以电机定子和电机整体悬置作为动态吸振器车辆构型的平顺性,搭建双重激励计算模型选择优选方案,以车辆平顺性指标均方根值最小为优化目标,应用NSGA-Ⅱ算法对优选方案中动态吸振器的橡胶衬套刚度和阻尼进行优化设计,得到满足要求的构型和匹配参数,并对优化后的车辆构型进行仿真验证. 研究结果表明:两种悬置方案都缓和了由于轮毂电机引入带来的负面效应,而对择优选出的电机整体悬置方案优化后可使车身加速度降低38.53%,轮胎动载荷下降7.94%. 仿真结果证明,针对路面和电机双重激励提出的优化构型及参数,改善了轮毂电机驱动电动汽车的垂向负效应,提高了车辆平顺性和安全性.

Effect of in-wheel motor suspended configuration on ride comfort of electric vehicle under dual excitations

To solve the problem that the vertical negative effect of electric vehicles (EVs) is aggravated when added with in-wheel motor (IWM), the influence of different suspended configurations of IWM on vehicle vertical performance was studied under the coupling excitations of road excitation and motor vertical excitation. Effects of various configurations of EVs at home and abroad on ride comfort were comprehensively analyzed. The ride comfort of two schemes of IWM stator and whole motor suspended as dynamic absorber of vehicles was compared, and the computational model of dual excitations was built and used to select the optimal scheme. Then, by taking the minimum root mean square (RMS) value of vehicle ride comfort index as the optimization objective, NSGA-II algorithm was applied to optimize the stiffness and damping of rubber bushing of dynamic vibration absorber in the optimal scheme, and suitable configuration and matching parameters were obtained. At last, the optimized vehicle configuration was verified by simulation. Results show that the proposed two suspended schemes both alleviated the negative effects, while after the optimization of the selected whole motor suspended scheme, the acceleration of the vehicle body and the dynamic load of the tyre were reduced by 38.53% and 7.94% respectively. Simulation results verify that the optimized configuration and parameters under dual excitations reduced the vertical negative effect of EV driven by IWM and improved the vehicle ride comfort and safety.