Three-dimensional optical microscopy of water trees in polyethylene |
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| Authors: | D. M. Shinozaki P. C. Cheng S. Haridoss R. Mitchell A. Fenster |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Department of Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, N6A 5B9 London, Ontario, Canada;(2) Advanced Microscopy and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of New York, 14260 Buffalo, NY, USA;(3) AT Plastics Inc., L6W 3G4 Brampton, Ontario, Canada;(4) Imaging Research Laboratories, The J. P. Robarts Research Institute, N6A 5K8 London, Ontario, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Polyethylene is used as high-voltage electrical insulation in cable, and fails when subjected to the combination of water environment and electrical field. The three-dimensional microstructure of water trees, which are precursors to dielectric breakdown, has been revealed with laser scanning confocal optical microscopy. Two-dimensional images which represented optical serial sections were recorded in digital form, and reconstructed in a computer to produce three-dimensional views of the microstructure. Both stereo pairs and computed tomographic reconstructions were made. The material was stained with a fluorescent dye and the fluorescent image was compared to the standard unstained image. The dye was found to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and improve the quality of the image significantly. |
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