食品安全、食品卫生与食品质量概念辨析

从狭义上讲,食品卫生是指食品干净、未被细菌污染,不使人致病。食品安全是指食品及食品相关产品不存在对人体健康造成现实的或潜在的侵害的一种状态,也指为确保此种状态所采取的各种管理方法和措施。与食品卫生相比,食品安全更加强调食品标签的真实、全面、准确;更强调食品认证与商标管理;更重视食品食用方法的特殊要求;更关注个体的差异性。食品安全与食品卫生在公共管理方面的差异也比较明显。食品质量,是一个“度”的概念,是指食品的优劣程度,既包括优等食品,也包括劣等食品。食品安全指的是所有对人体健康造成急性或慢性损害的危险都不存在,是一个绝对概念。食品卫生与食品安全一样也是一个“质”的概念。笔者以为,应当借正在进行的《食品安全法》的起草,《标准化法》与《食品卫生法》的修改,通过法律的途径厘清三个概念。

The Differentiation of Food Safety, Food Sanitary and Food Quality

In narrow sense,“ food sanitary”means that food is clean , not contaminated by pathogenic bacteria, and cannot lead to illness“.Food safety”means that food and the products related to food do not contain actual or potential harm, and that methods and measures have already been taken to maintain food safe. In contrast to“ food sanitary”,“ food safety” stresses more on reality, complement, exactness of food label, emphasizes more on the regulation of authentication and trade mark, pays more attention to methods of food eating, and concerns the differences among eaters more. Also, they differ rather obviously in public administration.“ Food quality”, a definition of“ degree”, means the degree of food quality, including both high-class food and low-grade food. Bu“tfood safety”is an“ absolute” definition, meaning that there is no acute or chronic danger in the food.“ Food sanitary” is also an“ absolute” definition. The opinion held in this paper is that we should discriminate the three definitions on the occasions of drafting the Food Safety Law and of amending the Standardizing Law and the Food Sanitary Law.