人本尺度城市形态 ：测度、效应评估及规划设计响应

国家新型城镇化规划呼吁以人为本的城镇化，2015 年底召开的中央城市工作会议明确指出，“城市发展是一个自然历史过程，有其自身规律……要把握发展规律，推动以人为核心的新型城镇化”。这些新政策都把对人的关注提高到了新的高度。在城市品质、活力和设计被不断重视的背景下，一系列新的数据环境、技术及方法提供和构建了细致研究城市形态的新途径，例如，由大数据和开放数据所构成的新数据环境对更为微观和全面的城市形态及其相关效应的刻画提供了数据基础，由雷达成像、虚拟现实、眼动仪、深度学习、数据挖掘与可视化等先锋城市研究方法和技术则为更深入的研究提供了技术支持。在此背景下，提出人本尺度城市形态（human-scale urban form）这一概念，将其定义为人可以看得见、摸得着、感受得到的城市形态，是对传统拘泥于街区和地块等尺度城市形态的深化和必要补充。首先对与人本尺度城市形态概念相契合的已有研究工作进行了梳理，并给出了基于笔者之前所提出的大模型、数据增强设计、街道城市主义和图片城市主义等理论和方法论的指导下，开展未来研究的计划，最后提出了在城市规划和设计中应用人本尺度城市形态研究成果的总体思路。通过对人本尺度城市形态的系统研究，笔者期望其可以更好地呼应理性城市规划与设计的需要。

Human-Scale Urban Form: Measurements,Performances, and Urban Planning & Design Interventions

The human-centered perspective has been frequently mentioned in many national policies on urbanization in China, like National Guidelines for Developing a New Type of Urbanization and Central Urban Work Conference. Accompanying with the raising call for human-centered considerations in urban planning and design, a series of new data environment and new analytical methods bring new potentials for achieving this goal. For instance, the new data environment consisting of big data and open data could provide foundation for in-depth study of urban form and its related performances. New techniques and methods, e.g. Lidar imaging, virtual reality, eye-tracking, deep learning, big data mining and visualization, provide emerging insightful analytical approaches. Therefore, the paper proposes the conceptual framework of human-scale urban form that can be defined as visible, touchable, and perceptible urban forms in people’s daily lives. It is a meaningful supplement for classical urban morphology focusing on street blocks and parcels. Following this route, the paper firstly reviews existing studies related to the concept of human-scale urban form. Three essential issues of human-scale urban form, i.e., measurements, performances, and urban planning and design interventions, are then discussed to guide future researches. After that, several initial studies made by the authors of this paper are illustrated as empirical examples. This paper is an initial attempt to create the concept framework of humanscale urban form and explore its potentials in urban planning and design practices. It could promote the transition towards more scientific planning and design paradigm, and finally contribute to better urban lives.