垂直轴风力机两种翼型气动性能比较研究

叶片是风力机最重要的组成部分,在不同的风能资源情况下,翼型的选择对垂直轴风力机气动特性有着重要的影响。文章分别以NACA0018翼型(对称翼型)和NACA4418翼型(非对称翼型)建立3叶片H型垂直轴风力机二维仿真模型。应用数值模拟的研究方法,从功率系数、单个叶片切向力系数等方面比较两种风力机模型在不同叶尖速比下的气动特性,并采用风洞实验数据验证了流场计算的准确性。CFD计算结果表明:在低叶尖速比下,NACA4418翼型风力机气动特性优于NACA0018翼型风力机,适用于低风速区域;在高叶尖速比下,NACA0018翼型风力机气动特性较好,适用于高风速地区。而且在高叶尖速比时,NACA0018翼型在上风区时,切向力系数平均值要高于NACA4418翼型,在下风区时,NACA418翼型切向力系数平均值高。该研究可为小型垂直轴风力机翼型的选择提供参考。

Comparative study on the aerodynamic performance of two airfoils of vertical axis wind turbine

Blade is the most important part of wind turbines.The choice of airfoil has an important influence on the aerodynamic performance of vertical axis wind turbine under different wind energy resource.2D simulation models of vertical axis wind turbines with three blades were established with NACA0018 airfoil(symmetric airfoil)and NACA4418 airfoil(asymmetric airfoil).Numerical simulation method was used to compare the aerodynamic performance of the two wind turbine models under different tip speed ratios in terms of power coefficient and tangential force coefficient of a single blade.The results of CFD calculation showed that under the condition of low blade tip speed ratio,the aerodynamic performance of NACA4418 airfoil wind turbine are better than NACA0018 airfoil wind turbine at low tip speed ratio,and NACA4418 airfoil is suitable for low wind speed area.On the contrary,NACA0018 airfoil wind turbine has better aerodynamic performance at high tip speed ratio and which is suitable for high wind speed areas.Moreover,the average tangential force coefficient of NACA0018 airfoil in the upwind area was higher than that of NACA4418 airfoil at high tip speed ratio.On the contrary,average tangential force coefficient of NACA4418 airfoil was higher in the downwind area.This study provides a reference for the selection of small vertical axis wind turbine airfoils.