碳纤维和芳纶纤维的蚀刻改性及其复合材料界面结合性能研究进展

纤维作为复合材料中的增强体,在实现应力传递、承担外部载荷等方面发挥了重要作用.通常纤维与树脂基体的结合性能极大地取决于纤维表面的微观形貌和化学性质,其界面结合的强度则决定了复合材料的综合性能和应用范围.为了最大提升纤维材料与树脂基体的界面结合能力,在应用前需对纤维材料进行有效的表面改性处理.其中,蚀刻法同时涉及了纤维表面的物理变化和化学变化,具有高效的表面改性能力,能显著地改变纤维表面的物理化学性质.综述了表面蚀刻这一改性思路分别在碳纤维和芳纶纤维中的实际应用,针对两种纤维各自的性质,提出了酸性溶液蚀刻、有机溶液蚀刻、电化学阳极氧化、等离子体处理、微波辐射、超声波蚀刻等常用蚀刻改性方法,对各方法的优缺点和应用进行了讨论.总结并对比了蚀刻介质、蚀刻工艺对纤维表面微观形貌、化学性质、力学性能以及复合材料界面结合性能等方面的影响.讨论了当前纤维材料与树脂基体界面结合的机理与界面表征方法的研究现状.此外,还对未来的发展方向和要求进行了展望,提出应该聚焦纤维表面腐蚀行为,优化传统改性方法,开发多种方法协同作用的改性新工艺.同时基于现有技术,发展更为先进的界面表征手段,进一步加深对纤维表面腐蚀行为与复合材料界面性能之间影响机制的理解.

Research Progress on Etching Modification of Carbon Fiber and Aramid Fiber and the Interface Bonding Performance of Their Composite Materials

As reinforcement in composite, fibers play an important role in achieving stress transfer and bearing external loads. The adhesion performance of the fiber and the resin matrix greatly depends on the microscopic morphology and chemical properties of the fiber surface, and the strength of interfacial adhesion determines the performance of the composite. In order to improve the interfacial adhesion property of fiber and resin matrix, it is very necessary to carry out effective modification treatment on the fiber surface before application. Among various methods, etching involves physical and chemical changes on the fiber surface at the same time. It has efficient surface modification ability to significantly change the physical and chemical properties of the fiber surface. The application of surface etching in carbon fiber and aramid fiber was summarized. According to the properties of the fiber, some common etching modification processes were proposed, such as acid solution etching, organic solution etching, electrochemical anodization, plasma treatment, microwave radiation and ultrasonic etching. The effects of etching media and etching process on the fiber surface morphology, chemical properties, mechanical properties and the interfacial bonding properties of the composite material were also concluded and compared, and the research progress on the formation mechanism and characterization methods of the interface between fiber and resin matrix was discussed. Besides, this paper also prospected the future development direction and requirements, and indicated that the corrosion behavior of the fiber surface should be valued, and the traditional modification methods and new modification process should be optimized and developed. At the same time, based on the current technologies, more advanced interface characterization methods should be developed to further understand the influence mechanism between fiber surface corrosion behavior and composite interface properties.