人工关节与仿生软骨材料的表面改性及其摩擦学研究进展

对患有严重关节疾病的患者进行人工关节置换手术,是临床上有效的治疗方案.现有的人工关节及仿生软骨制作材料主要以金属、陶瓷、聚合物材料及强韧水凝胶等为主,然而在苛刻的关节负载摩擦剪切环境下,上述材料均面临着一个共性技术问题——表面磨损严重,进而影响其使用寿命.因此,利用表面改性技术和仿生学材料设计理念,制备具有"低摩擦-高承载-长耐磨"功能一体化的新型人工关节具有重要的实际意义和工程价值.首先总结了金属、陶瓷、聚合物基硬质人工关节材料的研究和发展历程,并阐述了不同表面改性技术在提升硬质人工关节材料表面润滑和抗磨性能方面的优势.进一步,详细介绍了近年来以水凝胶基材料为代表的新型仿生关节软骨润滑材料的最新研究进展,具体包括高性能本体水凝胶与水凝胶软骨材料的表面改性,从承载和抗磨角度,强调了仿生层状结构化水凝胶材料作为新型关节软骨替代物的潜在优势.此外,结合国际上生物润滑领域最新动态,系统概述了在天然骨组织和硬质人工关节材料表面键合水凝胶润滑涂层这一新兴研究方向.最后,从材料仿生学设计和表面水润滑改性两方面,提出了新型人工关节材料未来的研究重点和发展方向.

Advances in Surface Modification Technology and Tribology of Artificial Joints and Biomimetic Cartilage

Artificial joint replacement surgery is a clinically effective treatment strategy for patients with severe joint diseases. Nowadays, artificial joints and cartilage are mainly made by metals, ceramics, polymer materials and strong hydrogels. However, these mentioned materials all encountered a common technical problem in harsh friction and shear environment, severe surface wear, which affects their service life. Therefore, it is of vital engineering importance and practical significance for using surface modification technology and biomimetic material design concepts to prepare a new type of artificial joint with the multi-performance of low friction, high load bearing and long wear resistance. First, this review summarizes the research and development of metal, ceramic, and polymer-based hard artificial joint materials. Then, the advantages of different surface modification technologies in improving the surface lubrication and anti-wear properties of artificial joint materials are listed, anchored in the perspective of reducing surface friction. Furthermore, the latest research progress of new biomimetic articular cartilage lubricating materials represented by hydrogel-based materials in recent years is introduced in detail. High-performance bulk hydrogel cartilage materials and surface modification of hydrogel cartilage materials are mainly included. In addition, the potential advantages of biomimetic layered structured hydrogel materials are emphasized as a new type of articular cartilage replacement treatment in the view of load bearing and anti-wear performance. Combined with the latest developments in bio-lubrication field, a systematic overview of the bonding methods of lubricating hydrogel coatings on the surface of natural bone tissue or hard artificial joint materials is involved in this review. Finally, based on the two aspects of bionic material design and surface water-lubricating modification, the future research focus and development direction of artificial joint materials are proposed in this review.