Adaptive Routing on the New Switch Chip for IBM SP Systems |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States;2. SCIL, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada;3. Groupe dImagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut Des Maladies Neurodegeneratives, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France;4. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States;5. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States;6. CIBM Center for BioMedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland;7. Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK), Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;8. Signal Processing Lab (LTS5), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;9. Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;10. Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Italy;11. Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;12. Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom;13. Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II”, Naples, Italy;14. Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University “Federico II”, Naples, Italy;15. Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom;p. Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom;q. Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, London, United Kingdom;r. Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom;s. Laboratorio de Análisis de Imagen Médica y Biometría (LAIMBIO), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain;t. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain;u. Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;v. Sydney Imaging and School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;w. School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;x. Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States;y. Center for Integrative Connectomics, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States;z. Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States;11. KU Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational MRI, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium;22. PROVIDI Lab, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands;33. Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Malta;44. Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom;55. AINOSTICS Limited, London, United Kingdom;66. Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom;77. National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA;88. Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Advanced Clinical Imaging Suite (NACIS), Royal Children''s Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia;99. Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children''s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia;910. Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children''s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia;1010. Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University & Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan;1111. Poitiers University Hospital, France;1212. MRI Clinical Science Specialist, General Electric Healthcare, Australia;1313. National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore;1414. Neurosurgery department, Hôpital Pasteur, University Hospital of Nice, Côte d''Azur University, France;1515. Developmental Imaging and Biophysics Section, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London;pp. Brigham & Women''s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;qq. University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States;rr. Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland;ss. UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology&Neurosurgery, Utrecht, the Netherlands;tt. Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK;uu. Department of Neurosurgery, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University;vv. Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas A.C. (CIMAT), Guanajuato, Mexico;ww. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Institute of Neurobiology, Mexico City, Mexico;xx. Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE-UT3), Cátedras-CONACyT, Ensenada, Mexico;yy. Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;zz. Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.;111. Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario;222. University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA;333. Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Japan;444. NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom;555. Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy;666. Brain MRI 3T Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy;777. Universidad de Concepción, Faculty of Engineering, Concepción, Chile;888. Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France;999. Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;101010. Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Al. Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal;111111. Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States;121212. Neurology Department UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco.;131313. Memory and Aging Center. UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA;141414. Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, TX 78731, USA;151515. Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China;ppp. Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics Division, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States;qqq. Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4;rrr. Division of Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA;sss. Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA;ttt. Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Hospital and Medicine Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic;uuu. Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA;vvv. Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), INSERM U1284, Université de Paris, Paris, France;www. Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA;xxx. Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA;yyy. University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA;zzz. Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA;1111. Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento - Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Laboratorio de Análisis de Imagen Médica y Biometría (LAIMBIO), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain;1. Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil;2. INRIA, France;3. Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, Brazil;4. SITE, University of Ottawa, Canada;5. Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Brazil |
| |
| Abstract: | The IBM RS/6000 SP is one of the most successful commercially available multicomputers. SP owes its success partially to the scalable, high bandwidth, low latency network. This paper describes the architecture of Switch2 switch chip, the recently developed third generation switching element which future IBM RS/6000 SP systems may be based on. Switch2 offers significant enhancements over the existing SP switch chips by incorporating advances in both VLSI technology and interconnection network research. One of the major new features of Switch2 is the incorporation of adaptive routing support into it. We describe the adaptive source routing architecture of the Switch2 chip which is a unique feature of this chip. The performance of the adaptive source routing and oblivious routing for a wide range of system characteristics and traffic patterns is evaluated. It is shown that adaptive source routing outperforms or performs comparably with oblivious routing. We propose two novel algorithms for generating adaptive routes specifications required for enabling the usage of adaptive source routing. A comparison between the cost of these two algorithms and the performance improvement obtained from using these algorithms are discussed. We also propose different output selection functions to be used in switching elements for implementing the adaptive routing. We evaluate and compare the performance of these selection functions and discover that the best selection functions for BMINs are not dependent on the traffic pattern, message size, or system size. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
