Comparative study on surface behaviors of copper current collector in electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries

The chemical and electrochemical stability of Cu current collectors in electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries is investigated. During long-term storage, the surface section of Cu foil is oxidized to copper compounds along with the reduction reaction of electrolyte. A continuous surface film can be formed on the Cu current collector after the foil is immersed in electrolyte for lithium ion batteries at room temperature for 30 days. This surface film is composed of inorganic compounds located in the inner layer and organic/inorganic mixed components stayed outside. It comes from the spontaneous reaction at the interface between Cu foil and electrolyte for the existence of trace water in electrolyte. Different from SEI film spontaneous formation during storage, surface film generated on Cu foil during electrochemical process shows different characteristic and mechanism. By using metal lithium as counter electrode, SEI film on Cu foil in Cu foil/metal Li battery is formed from surface chemical species floating from lithium counter electrode and electrochemical oxidation/reduction process. In contrast, thinner SEI film can be generated merely from electrochemical electrolyte decomposition and precipitation. All the evidences reveal that the structure of SEI film from different conditions is similar, which shows inorganic fluorides located in the inner layer and organic/inorganic mixed lied in the outer layer.