Electrochemical mechanism and kinetics studies of haloperidol and its assay in commercial formulations

The kinetics and mechanism for electrochemical reduction of haloperidol, a psychotherapeutic drug used in the treatment of schizophrenia, were studied using square wave and cyclic voltammetries allied to a hanging mercury drop electrode. The experimental and voltammetric parameters were optimized at 0.04 mol L⁻¹ Brinton–Robinson buffer (pH 10), with a pulse potential frequency of 100 s⁻¹, a pulse amplitude of 30 mV and scan increment of 2 mV. Two well-defined peaks were observed, which exhibited properties of fast electron transfer with a strong adsorption process of reactants and products on the electrode surface. The first peak was related to a fast and reversible anion-radical formation originating from the reduction of the carbonyl group, and the second was related to the irreversible reduction of the anion-radical previously formed. Analytical parameters such as: linearity range, equation of the analytical curves, correlation coefficients, detection and quantification limits, recovery efficiency, and relative standard deviation for intraday and interday were compared to similar results obtained by use of the UV–vis spectrophotometry technique, and the analytical results obtained in commercial formulations show that the voltammetric procedure using a hanging mercury drop electrode is suitable for analyzing haloperidol in complex commercial formulation samples.