振动台试验对高层建筑结构设计的启示

2010年以后,我国高层、超高层建筑进入快速发展阶段,目前仍处于蓬勃上升期,我国已成为世界高层建筑发展的中心。抗震设计是我国高层建筑结构设计中的关键问题,而振动台模型试验是研究高层、超高层结构抗震性能的重要手段。通过科学、合理设计和精细模型加工,采用振动台试验可较准确测定结构的动力特性、动力响应和破坏形态,反映结构不规则性对抗震性能的影响,揭示薄弱部位。为此,以中国建筑科学研究院完成的28个实际工程模型振动台试验为基础,对试验结果和试验数据进行分类对比分析,研究阻尼比、整体刚度退化、连梁刚度折减系数、外框剪力比、加速度放大系数等影响高层建筑结构设计的参数和指标,并对有代表性和共性的结构薄弱部位及加强措施进行汇总,提出高层建筑结构设计相关的一些启示和设计建议。

Edification of shaking table test on structure design of high-rise buildings

The field of high-rise and super high-rise buildings has entered a stage of rapid development after 2010 in China, and it is still in a period of vigorous growth. In the meantime, China has become the center to the development of high-rise buildings in the world. Seismic design is a key issue in the design of structure for high-rise buildings in China, and the shaking table test is an important method to study the seismic performance of high-rise and super-rise structures. Through proper design and precise construction for the experimental model, the shaking table test can accurately study the dynamic properties, dynamic responses and failure modes of the structure, which can further reflect the effect of structural irregularity on seismic performance, and then reveal the weak parts. Based on the shaking table tests of 28 practical projects completed by the China Academy of Building Research, the test results and test data were classified, compared and analyzed. The damping ratio, overall stiffness degradation, coupling beam stiffness reduction factor, frame-shear ratio, acceleration amplification factor and other parameters that affect the structure design in high-rise buildings were studied. Moreover, the representative and common structural weaknesses and strengthening measures were summarized, and some inspirations and design suggestions related to the design of high-rise building structures were proposed.