纳米含能材料研究进展

综述了纳米含能材料组分和复合物的制备方法和性质，指出国内外研究的含能材料纳米级组分包括纳米铝粉、纳米硼粉和纳米级单质炸药。纳米复合物主要包括单质炸药（氧化剂）纳米晶分布于连续基质所形成的纳米复合物、介稳态分子间复合物和碳纳米管与含能材料组分的纳米复合物。纳米级铝粉和硼粉的制造技术是电爆法和等离子体法；纳米级单质炸药的制备方法是各种基于超临界流体的处理技术；Sol—Gel法是制备含能纳米复合物的主要方法。

Advance in Nanometric Ingredients and Nanocomposites of Energetic Materials

Energetic nanomaterials offer the potential of extremely high heat release rates,extraordinary combustion efficiency,high degree of tailorability with regards to rate of energy release,and reduced sensitivity.Exploiting these possibilities requires a comprehensive understanding of preparation,properties and reaction dynamics of energetic nanomaterials.In this article,the research works on these issues of nanometric ingredients and energetic nanocomposites have been summarized.The main nanometric ingredients include explosive nanoparticles,aluminum and boron nanopowder,which have been prepared through supercritical fluid method,electric explosion and plasma technology respectively.There are three sorts of energetic nanocomposites which had been investigated,including MICs,carbon nanotube/explosive nanoparticles composites and explosives(or oxidizers) nanoparticles dispersing in continuous phase matrix,some of these composites exhibit novel property for ammunition application.