用于微小卫星姿态确定的非线性估计算法

基于Kalman滤波理论，利用Stirling插值公式．对非线性系统的状态方程和测量方程进行近似形成的一阶和二阶非线性估计算法．克服了扩展Kalman滤波需要复杂求导以及收敛等问题，文中利用该算法。对微小卫星常采用的陀螺／磁强计组合姿态确定进行了研究，仿真分析表明，低成本微小卫星仅柔用陀螺和磁强计进行姿态确定是可行的，一阶和二阶近似非线性估计算法处理这种强非线性的姿态估计问题是非常有效。

Nonlinear Estimation Algorithm for Attitude Determination of Micro Satellite

First-order and second-order nonlinear estimation algorithms are based on Kalman filter theory and Stirling interpolation formula. These algorithms avoid some problems, such as derivation and divergence, that exist in extend Kalman filter. In this paper, Gyroscope/Magnetometer integrated attitude determination, often adopted by micro satellite, is studied by the above nonlinear estimation algorithm. After Simulation and analysis, it is concluded that low cost micro satellite can only adopt gyroscope and magnetometer as attitude sensors, first-order and seeond-order nonlinear estimation algorithms are very efficient to process the strong nonlinear attitude estimation of micro satellite.