Conventional- versus microwave-hydrothermal leaching of glass from sintered kaolinite to make porous mullite

A microwave-hydrothermal treatment with 1 and 5N-NaOH solution was used at 150°C and 190°C to dissolve excess silica glass and thus make porous mullite ceramics from a fired New Zealand kaolin honeycomb. The effect of microwave-hydrothermal (M-H) treatment time on the dissolution of the glass was examined and compared to the result of conventional-hydrothermal (C-H) treatment. As expected, the rate of the dissolution of glass was faster with M-H treatment compared to C-H treatment. The dissolution of 40–43% glass was almost complete after M-H treatment in 1N-NaOH for 6 hrs at 150°C, in¹N-NaOH for 3 hrs at 190°C, in⁵N-NaOH for 1.5 hrs at 150°C, and in 5N-NaOH for 35 minutes at 190°C. When the M-H treatment in 5N-NaOH solution at 190°C was more than 45 minutes, nonporous prismatic crystals were formed on the honeycomb and these crystals decreased the specific surface area. There were no changes in the morphology of mullite whiskers or in the structure of porous mullite body after M-H treatments in NaOH solutions compared to that of C-H treatment. The M-H treatment has been shown to be a rapid technique to prepare porous mullite ceramics from fired kaolin honey comb.