塔里木河干流河道综合治理措施的研究(Ⅱ)——干流河道整治与生态输水措施

针对塔里木河干流河道的特性、水资源损耗特点和生态环境建设的要求,提出了干流河道输水堤防的规划原则、布局形式与堤距,河道整治的部位与形式,引水工程及叠梁式生态闸等治理措施;深入分析了输水堤防工程对河道冲淤的影响,指出堤防建设规模与河道冲淤有一定的关系,修建堤防后中游河段向下游河道输水比例将增加,导致中游河段淤积减少或冲刷增加,下游河段淤积增加;探讨了引水分流对干流河道冲淤的影响,对于阿拉尔至英巴扎河段,引水分流使该河段的淤积加重或冲刷减轻;英巴扎至恰拉河段,引水分流会使河道处于减淤状态。当分沙量较大时,对减少干流泥沙淤积是有利的,同时也减轻了干流泥沙处理的负担。

Study on comprehensive regulation measures of the Main Stem Tarim River——Channel regulation and water transport measures for eco-environment

According to fluvial processes,water losses and eco-environment construction of the Main Stem Tarim River,the regulation measures and designs of the Main Stem Tarim River were given in this paper such as design rule,layout and lateral distance of dike project,reaches to be regulated,water diversion project and eco-environment sluices.It was pointed that there was a relationship between erosion and deposition of the channel and construction scale of dike based on analyzing influence of dike construction on the erosion and deposition of the channel.Proportion of water transport downstream would increase after the dike construction,which would result in less deposition in the middle reach and more deposition in the lower reach.There are some influences of water diversion on erosion and deposition of the channel,which includes more deposition in the Alaer-Yingbazha reach and less deposition in the Yingbazha-Qiala reach.The increase of the sediment diversion will reduce deposition and alleviate burden of the sediment disposal in the Lower Main Stem Tarim River.